How Macau strengthened its typhoon resilience without massive seawalls

Nonstructural disaster measures, including early warnings and evacuation systems, helped improve coastal resilience and reduce storm-surge impacts in Macau, report researchers at Science Tokyo. After analyzing the city's responses to three major typhoons, which included resident interviews, evaluations of early warning systems, evacuation procedures and other typhoon mitigation efforts, the study found that earlier issuance of typhoon warnings, color-coded storm-surge alerts and government-led evacuation guidance significantly improved public trust and reduced disaster impacts.