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Formal verification of the S-two AIR

arXiv CS Thursday 04 June 2026, 04:00 UTC By Jeremy Avigad, Anat Ganor, Lior Goldberg, David Levit, Ohad Nir, Yoav Seginer, Alon Titelman 1 min read
Key Points

arXiv:2606.04311v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: StarkWare's S-two prover provides an efficient means for establishing, on blockchain, that a program written in the Cairo virtual machine language runs to completion. The latter claim is encoded by an algebraic intermediate representation (AIR) that captures the semantics of the Cairo language. The AIR asserts the existence of tables of values from a finite field satisfying certain algebraic constraints.

arXiv:2606.04311v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: StarkWare's S-two prover provides an efficient means for establishing, on blockchain, that a program written in the Cairo virtual machine language runs to completion. The latter claim is encoded by an algebraic intermediate representation (AIR) that captures the semantics of the Cairo language. The AIR asserts the existence of tables of values from a finite field satisfying certain algebraic constraints. A cryptographic interactive proof system, circle STARK, provides an efficiently-checked certificate that the AIR is satisfied. We describe our verification, using the Lean 4 proof assistant, that the AIR encoding is sound, which is to say, the satisfiability of the AIR implies the computational claim.
StarkWare (ORG) Cairo (LOCATION) AIR (ORG) STARK (ORG)
Originally published by arXiv CS Read original →

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