From Electroculture to Plasma Agriculture: A Three-Century Arc Bridging Bertholon's Legacy with Contemporary Farming Advances

arXiv:2606.10429v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This review traces the historical trajectory of electricity in agriculture, from the earliest observations of electrical phenomena to the emergence of cold plasmas. Looking back to Antiquity and then to the Enlightenment, it underlines Abb\'e Bertholon's 18th-century efforts to channel atmospheric electricity to stimulate crops, using devices such as the electro-v\'eg\'etom\`etre. Although these early electroculture experiments relied on neither quantitative dosimetry nor rigorous methodology, they foreshadowed the idea of a controlled transfer of electrical energy to plants. Then the review examines the historical development of galvanism, electrochemistry, and the physics of gaseous discharges throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, which collectively laid the foundations for contemporary cold-plasma technologies. In the 21st century, plasma agriculture has emerged as an interdisciplinary approach integrating electrical, chemical, radiative, thermal, and fluid-mechanical effects. Applications include seed treatment (preconditioning, seed priming), stimulation of plant growth, soil and water treatment, and decontamination of agri-food products. The review thus reassesses Abb\'e Bertholon's contributions as those of a methodological precursor and shows how his intuition of a "vivifying electricity" resonates with modern cold-plasma science. Finally, it argues that plasma agriculture can transform an Enlightenment intuition into a reproducible experimental framework for sustainable agriculture and food safety.