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Atmospheric wave theory falls short in explaining rising extreme weather, study suggests
Atmospheric wave theory falls short in explaining rising extreme weather, study suggests Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor Across much of the northern hemisphere, extreme weather events like heat waves and heavy precipitation have increased in frequency and severity over the last several decades. A new study from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) shows that one proposed partial explanation, so-called "quasiresonant...
Microsoft Build: Surface RTX Spark Dev Box, Coreutils for Windows, air-gapped GitHub and more
Microsoft’s Build event is under way in San Francisco, USA, with the expected focus on agentic AI but also a few surprises, such as Unix-style Coreutils for Windows. CEO Satya Nadella presented Project Solara, based on future devices which "are not meant to run traditional apps. They are designed for agents," according to applied science group leader Steven Bathiche; it is as much aspiration than specific plans and whether it is dream or nightmare is open to question.
Two-Phase Simulated Annealing for Equitable Team Formation: Eliminating Complaints in Large Engineering Cohorts
Announce Type: new Abstract: Contribution: This paper presents a novel two-phase algorithmic approach that decouples preference satisfaction from fairness optimization in student team formation, achieving both objectives without compromise. The method applies simulated annealing -- a core materials science technique -- to an educational challenge, demonstrating pedagogical integration of administrative processes. Background: Forming effective teams in large engineering cohorts (100+...
Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders rankings: are China’s East Asian neighbours keeping pace with it?
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Study highlights key welfare needs for seal pups in rehabilitation
Study highlights key welfare needs for seal pups in rehabilitation Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Andrew Zinin Lead Editor A new study examining harbor and gray seal pups undergoing rehabilitation in the U.S. has identified important steps that could improve animal welfare during their recovery. Researchers from the University of Chester and Manchester Metropolitan University monitored 25 seal pups admitted to Tynemouth Seal Hospital after becoming stranded due to reasons such as...
Personalized reference genome-based pipeline reveals comprehensive haplotype-resolved views of cancer genomes
Cancer genome analysis relies on standard human reference genomes but detecting somatic alterations in highly repetitive or individual-specific regions remains challenging. We developed the Personalized Reference genome-based Cancer Genome Analysis Pipeline (PRCGAP), to our knowledge, the first comprehensive pipeline integrating haplotype-resolved analyses of somatic point mutations, structural variants, copy number, and DNA methylation on personalized diploid reference genomes. We applied...
DDOR: Delta Debugging for Explainable Overrefusal Testing and Repair
Announce Type: new Abstract: While safety alignment and guardrails help large language models (LLMs) avoid harmful outputs, they can also induce overrefusal, i.e., unwarranted rejection of benign queries that merely appear risky. We present DDOR (Delta Debugging for OverRefusal), a fully automated and explainable framework for overrefusal testing and repair in a black-box setting, where only model inputs and outputs are accessible and internal safety mechanisms remain opaque. DDOR applies...
NDPP-Grasp: Non-Differentiable Physical Plausibility Constraint-Guided Task-Oriented Dexterous Grasp Generation
Announce Type: new Abstract: Task-oriented dexterous grasp generation aims to produce dexterous grasp poses that are both physically plausible and functionally suitable for specified manipulation tasks. Existing diffusion-based methods often address these two requirements in a decoupled manner: they first train a grasp diffusion model for task alignment and then rely on post-generation refinement to improve physical plausibility. However, this after-the-fact correction strategy applies...
AtomEval: Validity-Aware Atomic Evaluation of Adversarial Claim Rewriting in Fact Verification
arXiv:2604.07967v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can rewrite refuted claims to evade evidence-based fact verifiers, but conventional attack success rate (ASR) can be inflated when rewrites change, weaken, or correct the false proposition they are supposed to preserve. We introduce AtomEval, a validity-aware evaluation protocol for fixed-evidence adversarial claim rewriting. AtomEval represents claims as subject--relation--object--modifier (SROM) atoms, applies...
Multiscale Nudging: From Macroscopic Observations to Microscopic Dynamics
arXiv:2606.06809v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a measure-based nudging framework for assimilating macroscopic observations into microscopic mean-field particle dynamics. The central difficulty is a representation mismatch: the forecast is a labeled particle system, while the observations specify only a smoothed, permutation-invariant density. To address this mismatch, we define the forecast-observation discrepancy as a quadratic functional on probability measures after applying...