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In Senegal, a 2,000‑year‑old iron workshop sheds new light on the past

In Senegal, a 2,000‑year‑old iron workshop sheds new light on the past Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Andrew Zinin Lead Editor How was iron produced 2,000 years ago in Senegal? A recent study at the Didé West 1 archaeological site, in the Falémé Valley in eastern Senegal, sheds light on an ancient iron production technique. Passed down from generation to generation for nearly eight centuries, this technology appears to have been developed to meet local needs.

Phys.org 10d ago

ROBUST-WT: Robust Uncertainty-aware Segmentation Transform via Whitening and Training Enhancements

arXiv:2606.03069v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generalized segmentation of medical images prevents performance degradation when different imaging devices and clinical protocols are used across multiple domains. The Whitening Transform-based Probabilistic Shape Regularization Extractor (WT-PSE), published in IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging in 2024, addresses this challenge by employing feature decorrelation and Wasserstein distance-based knowledge distillation to achieve robust...

arXiv CS 7d ago

On the History of the Square and Multiply Algorithm

arXiv:2606.00958v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The square-and-multiply algorithm, also known as binary exponentiation or repeated squaring, is a technique for fast exponentiation commonly used in modern cryptography and computational number theory. Despite its prominence, the historical origins of the algorithm are not known with certainty. This paper critically examines the origins and formalization of the algorithm through primary source analysis.

arXiv CS 8d ago

Concept-wise Attention for Fine-grained Concept Bottleneck Models

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recently impressive performance has been achieved in Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) by utilizing the image-text alignment learned by a large pre-trained vision-language model (i.e. CLIP). However, there exist two key limitations in concept modeling. Existing methods often suffer from pre-training biases, manifested as granularity misalignment or reliance on structural priors.

arXiv CS 7d ago

On the History of the Square and Multiply Algorithm

arXiv:2606.00958v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The square-and-multiply algorithm, also known as binary exponentiation or repeated squaring, is a technique for fast exponentiation commonly used in modern cryptography and computational number theory. Despite its prominence, the historical origins of the algorithm are not known with certainty. This paper critically examines the origins and formalization of the algorithm through primary source analysis.

arXiv CS 1d ago

More than Butter Chicken: Why India can't stop craving Punjabi food

Before the proliferation of Chinese, Italian, and Continental eateries that now punctuate every street in India, there existed a more elemental culinary language- steaming bowls of dal tadka, flaky parathas slick with ghee, and thick, cooling lassis. These were not merely dishes but rituals, flavours that stitched together households and holidays, that lent a gentle, incandescent warmth to family outings and turned mundane evenings into pockets of solace. Punjabi food, with its unabashed...

Times of India 1d ago

Ancient drinking habits revealed as researchers uncover 4,000-year-old beer receipt

Researchers analyzing ancient cuneiform tablets recently unveiled a 4,000-year-old beer receipt — offering a rare glimpse into Mesopotamian beer culture. The news was announced in a University of Copenhagen news release in April. Mesopotamia, often called the "cradle of civilization," was centered in parts of modern-day Iraq and Syria thousands of years ago.

Fox News 10d ago

Headless skeletons offer new insights into farming societies 7,000 years ago

Headless skeletons offer new insights into farming societies 7,000 years ago Gaby Clark Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor Dozens of human skeletons, lying apparently randomly on and next to each other, with their skulls missing, present a terrifying sight at first glance. Since 2022, this is what researchers have been excavating in a 7,000-year-old settlement near the present-day town of Vráble in Slovakia. Are the headless skeletons the remains of a Neolithic massacre,...

Phys.org 2d ago