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HADT: A Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Differential Transformer for Autonomous Earth Observation Satellite Cluster

arXiv:2605.31023v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This work addresses the problem of autonomous resource management in heterogeneous satellite cluster conducting Earth Observation (EO) missions including optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites. In autonomous operation mode, satellites are equipped with intelligent capabilities enabling real-time decision-making based on the latest conditions, while requiring minimal interaction with ground operators. Traditional scheduling...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Exploiting In-Sensor Computing for Energy-Efficient Earth Observation

arXiv:2606.01271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid growth of the satellite industry has driven a significant increase in geospatial data acquisition, highlighting a critical bottleneck: the severe disparity between the volume of collected sensor data and the limited downlink bandwidth available to ground stations. While On-Board Computing (OBC) has helped address this by pre-processing data in orbit, this article further advances the paradigm by introducing an in-sensor computing...

arXiv CS 8d ago

Tessera AI model offers accessible way to view Earth

Tessera AI model offers accessible way to view Earth Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Andrew Zinin Lead Editor A foundation model trained on Earth observation data from Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 has been made widely available to researchers, it was announced at a computer industry conference this week in Denver, U.S. Tessera, an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model, offers high-accuracy datasets that encode what the satellite "sees" of Earth's surface during the course of a...

Phys.org 5d ago

Spatial Representation Learning Beyond Pixels: Unifying Raster Data and Vector Semantics for Human-Centric Geospatial Foundation Models

Announce Type: new Abstract: Earth Observation (EO) has fundamentally transformed the monitoring of environmental processes and human activities up to planetary scale. Recent advances in self-supervised learning have given rise to Earth Observation Foundation Models (EOFMs), which leverage petabyte-scale unlabeled EO data to learn transferable representations across a wide range of downstream geospatial tasks. Despite these advances, current EOFMs remain largely confined to raster...

arXiv CS 8d ago

A rainbow patchwork quilt shows agriculture from space | Space photo of the day for June 4, 2026

A rainbow patchwork quilt shows agriculture from space | Space photo of the day for June 4, 2026 This satellite data is beautifully informative. A rainbow blanket of patchwork colors sprawls across South Africa in this new composite image created using data from NASA's latest Earth-observing mission.

Space.com 6d ago

Ultralow shot noise limited giant passive resonant gyroscope for Earth rotation measurement

Announce Type: new Abstract: Optical gyroscopes directly measure the Earth's rotation and are promising instruments for real-time geophysical observations and Earth orientation parameter (EOP) determination requiring both high precision and high temporal resolution. Large-scale ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) currently reach rotational resolutions around $10^{-11}\,\mathrm{(rad/s)/\sqrt{Hz}}$, but their quantum noise limits make it challenging to meet the requirements of future...

arXiv Physics 2d ago

ESA selects two new scout-class missions

ESA selects two new scout-class missions Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Andrew Zinin Lead Editor When it comes to understanding Earth and our changing environment, space is the place. Not only does it give us an overall holistic view of the planet below, but satellite-based imagery can transcend national boundaries and give us an understanding of key changes that often go unseen at ground level. Now, the European Space Agency (ESA) has chosen two new missions to address key questions in Earth...

Phys.org 8d ago

Dynamic Distributed Constraint Optimization and Metareasoning for Continual, Large-Scale Satellite Operations

Announce Type: replace Abstract: As Earth-observing satellite constellations grow in size and capability, distributed onboard control offers a pathway to novel responses and time-sensitive measurements. However, deploying autonomy to satellites requires efficient computation and communication. This work addresses the challenge of scheduling observations for hundreds of satellites in a dynamic, large-scale problem with millions of variables.

arXiv CS 1d ago

Event-Based Vision in Space: Applications, Trends, and Future Directions

arXiv:2606.01280v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Earth Observation (EO) is undergoing a significant transformation driven by the deployment of novel sensing technologies. Traditional frame-based optical sensors often struggle with motion blur, high power consumption, and extreme data redundancy in challenging orbital environments. In contrast, event-based sensors, also known as neuromorphic cameras, offer a bio-inspired asynchronous approach.

arXiv CS 8d ago

Cryo-Bench: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Cryosphere Applications

arXiv:2603.01576v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Geo-Foundation Models (GFMs) have been evaluated across diverse Earth observation task including multiple domains and have demonstrated strong potential of producing reliable maps even with sparse labels. However, benchmarking GFMs for Cryosphere applications has remained limited, primarily due to the lack of suitable evaluation datasets. To address this gap, we introduce \textbf{Cryo-Bench}, a benchmark compiled to evaluate GFM performance...

arXiv CS 7d ago