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The Trump Administration Is Done With Social Science
In the summer of 1945, four days after Japan’s official surrender and a few weeks into the Atomic Age, President Harry Truman began floating the idea of an agency guided by “the free intelligence of the scientist” that would fund investigations into how the world works. As of 2024, the agency that Truman had envisioned, the National Science Foundation, supplied about one in every 10 federal research dollars going to U.S. universities. Its Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences division...
Robust Causal Discovery in Real-World Time Series with Power-Laws
arXiv:2507.12257v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Exploring causal relationships in stochastic time series is a challenging yet crucial task with a vast range of applications, including finance, economics, neuroscience, and climate science. Many algorithms for Causal Discovery (CD) have been proposed; however, they often exhibit a high sensitivity to noise, resulting in spurious causal inferences in real data. In this paper, we observe that the frequency spectra of many real-world time...
Robust Causal Discovery in Real-World Time Series with Power-Laws
arXiv:2507.12257v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Exploring causal relationships in stochastic time series is a challenging yet crucial task with a vast range of applications, including finance, economics, neuroscience, and climate science. Many algorithms for Causal Discovery (CD) have been proposed; however, they often exhibit a high sensitivity to noise, resulting in spurious causal inferences in real data. In this paper, we observe that the frequency spectra of many real-world...
The OAD Flagship Ecosystem
arXiv:2606.03966v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The International Astronomical Union's Office of Astronomy for Development (IAU OAD) uses astronomy as a tool to address societal challenges and contribute to sustainable development. Building on more than a decade of project funding and implementation, the OAD has developed a portfolio of flagship projects that represent tested and scalable applications of Astronomy for Development across thematic areas including socio-economic development,...
A plan to preserve wetlands without stopping development
A plan to preserve wetlands without stopping development Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Andrew Zinin Lead Editor Balancing economic growth and environmental protection is not easy. Consider wetlands, which provide flood protection, aid water quality, and are linchpins of larger ecosystems. How can we best preserve wetlands while enhancing economic activity?
Value Entanglement: Conflation Between Different Kinds of Good In (Some) Large Language Models
arXiv:2602.19101v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Value alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) requires us to empirically measure these models' actual, acquired representation of value. Among the characteristics of value representation in humans is that they distinguish among value of different kinds. We investigate whether LLMs likewise distinguish three different kinds of good: moral, grammatical, and economic.
The Economics of Proof-of-Useful-Work
Announce Type: new Abstract: Proof-of-work (PoW) blockchains rely on computational expenditure to secure a ledger supporting a native cryptocurrency. In existing systems such as Bitcoin, this expenditure is intentionally useless: the computation secures consensus but produces no external economic output.
What Should a Skill Remember? Quality-Cost Trade-offs in Cost-Aware Skill Rewriting for Language Model Agents
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents increasingly rely on skills: reusable procedural documents encoding workflows, tool use, implementation patterns, validation checks, and domain rules. Skill rewriting is often treated as prompt compression, but shorter skills can make agents more expensive by removing sparse operational anchors that prevent exploration, debugging, and recovery. We study skill rewriting through this economic lens.
Voltage Unbalance-Aware AC Optimal Power Flow in Distribution Networks
arXiv:2606.06167v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The increasing penetration of single-phase loads and distributed generation exacerbates voltage unbalance (VU) in distribution grids, raising concerns about power quality and complicating network operation. However, most market-clearing models and price-based coordination frameworks do not enforce VU limits within a three-phase AC representation, so the implications for grid-code compliance, numerical scalability, and economic signals remain...
The Changing Global Division of Labor in Software: Emergence and Diffusion of New Programming Skills across IT Hubs
arXiv:2606.09463v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rise of new industries, often new jobs emerge. Evolutionary Economic Geography and in particular Industry Life Cycle perspectives predict that these activities first emerge in a limited number of cities to then diffuse to other locations as job descriptions become more standardized. Here, we focus on a particularly important new industry: software development, an activity that is economically important, quickly changing, and has a...