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Hierarchical Machine Learning

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ArrowFlow: Hierarchical Machine Learning in the Space of Permutations

Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce ArrowFlow, a machine learning architecture that operates entirely in the space of permutations. Its computational units are ranking filters, learned orderings that compare inputs via Spearman's footrule distance and update through permutation-matrix accumulation, a non-gradient rule rooted in displacement evidence. Layers compose hierarchically: each layer's output ranking becomes the next layer's input, enabling deep ordinal representation...

arXiv CS 7d ago

$p$-adic Bi-Filtrations for Topological Machine Learning on Genomic Sequences

arXiv:2606.06117v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce pVR, a topological machine learning framework for alignment-free genomic sequence classification that combines $p$-adic numbers with topological data analysis. Each DNA sequence is encoded along two complementary axes: a $p$-adic distance on $k$-mer prefixes, which captures hierarchical positional structure, and a compositional $L_1$ distance on $k$-mer frequencies, which captures local sequence content. The two distances jointly...

arXiv CS 5d ago

MLEvolve: A Self-Evolving Framework for Automated Machine Learning Algorithm Discovery

arXiv:2606.06473v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly applied to long-horizon tasks such as scientific discovery and machine learning engineering (MLE), where sustained self-evolution becomes a key capability. However, existing MLE agents suffer from inter-branch information isolation, memoryless search, and lack of hierarchical control, which together hinder long-horizon optimization. We present MLEvolve, an LLM-based self-evolving multi-agent...

arXiv CS 5d ago

TaxoFormer: Hierarchical Transformer for Predicting the Full Taxonomic Lineage of Protein Sequences

Predicting labels in massive, hierarchically structured output spaces is a core challenge in machine learning. In this work, we use the problem of predicting the full taxonomic lineage of a protein from its sequence as a case study for this challenge. We introduce TaxoFormer, an architecture whose primary contribution is a structured tokenization scheme that losslessly represents the entire NCBI phylogenetic tree, a graph with over 1.3 million nodes using a compact vocabulary of just 15,000...

bioRxiv 1d ago

Deep learning four decades of human migration

Abstract Human migration is a fundamental driver of global demographic change, shaping population structure, labour markets and social policy across countries1,2,3. Although long-term migration patterns are often linked to economic development4, they can shift rapidly in response to shocks such as conflict, environmental crises and political change5. Despite its importance, migration remains difficult to measure consistently: existing data are sparse, concentrated in high-income settings and...

Nature 20h ago

Trees to Flows and Back: Unifying Decision Trees and Diffusion Models

Computer Science > Machine Learning [Submitted on 1 May 2026 (v1), last revised 21 May 2026 (this version, v2)] Title:Trees to Flows and Back: Unifying Decision Trees and Diffusion Models View PDFAbstract:Decision trees and diffusion models are ostensibly disparate model classes, one discrete and hierarchical, the other continuous and dynamic. This work unifies the two by establishing a crisp mathematical correspondence between hierarchical decision trees and diffusion processes in...

Hacker News 4d ago

Conveyance: A Versatile Framework for Learning in Structured Class Spaces

arXiv:2605.28420v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While machine learning (ML) architectures have evolved rapidly to account for complex data, loss functions like cross-entropy remain mostly structure-agnostic in many real-world applications. However, the "class-symmetric" nature of these standard losses fundamentally limits the ability of ML models to exploit structural relationships between classes, particularly when facing structured noise. We propose Conveyance, a new classification...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Deep networks learn to parse uniform-depth context-free languages from local statistics

Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding how the structure of language can be learned from sentences alone is a central question in both cognitive science and machine learning. Studies of the internal representations of Large Language Models (LLMs) support their ability to parse text when predicting the next word, while representing semantic notions independently of surface form. Yet, which data statistics make these feats possible, and how much data is required, remain largely...

arXiv CS 8d ago

Rethinking Sales Lead Scoring with LLM-based Hierarchical Preference Ranking

arXiv:2606.04387v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sales lead conversion in high-stakes domains (e.g., automotive, real estate) differs fundamentally from e-commerce recommendation due to prolonged decision cycles and multi-stage funnels. Traditional lead scoring methods rule-based scorecards, machine learning, or pointwise CTR models face severe challenges: sparse supervision, a semantic gap in unstructured CRM logs, and inability to capture relative lead priority.

arXiv CS 6d ago

VirtualMLE: A Virtual ML Engineer that Optimizes Sequential Recommenders

arXiv:2606.03221v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning, reflection, and tool utilization, unlocking new paradigms for automating complex engineering workflows. However, in the domain of sequential recommendation (SR), tuning models on new datasets still relies heavily on the manual trial-and-error of experienced machine learning engineers. To bridge this gap, we propose \textbf{VirtualMLE}, an...

arXiv CS 7d ago