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Improving Optics Control and Measurement

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Improving Optics Control and Measurement at RHIC

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Maximizing luminosity requires precise control of the optics function at the interaction point (IP), implying that the location ($s^*$) of the beta function's minimum value ($\beta^*$) must be moved to the collision location ($s_{IP}$) as much as possible. Accurate optics measurements and reliable control of $s^*$ in both planes are therefore essential for optimal collider performance. During Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operations in 2024,...

arXiv Physics 8d ago

Light-induced quantum friction of carbon nanotubes in water

Abstract Friction slows down moving objects at both macroscopic and microscopic scales1. At the electronic level, quantum friction describes direct transfer of momentum between a liquid and the electrons of a solid2. Owing to its microscopic nature, this phenomenon remains experimentally challenging to capture3.

Nature 19h ago

Broadband Chromatic Dispersion of Thermo-refractive Coefficients and its Impact in Silicon Nitride Nonlinear Photonics

arXiv:2606.05673v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The thermo-refractive effect is a cornerstone of frequency and phase tuning in photonic integrated circuits. In particular, it enables control of phase-matching for integrated nonlinear processes. Chromatic dispersion of the group and effective refractive indices and modal confinement are standard considerations in design, but material thermo-refractive coefficients (TRCs) are typically taken to be fixed for the guiding and cladding materials.

arXiv Physics 5d ago

Optical Conductivity as a Stage-Sensitive Imaging Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains limited by the inability of current imaging biomarkers to capture dynamic tissue changes preceding overt neurodegeneration. Conventional approaches primarily reflect molecular burden or structural atrophy and incompletely characterize the intermediate microenvironmental remodeling linking early pathology to clinical progression. Here, we introduce optical conductivity as a novel imaging biomarker characterizing tissue responses to...

bioRxiv 5d ago

Measurement of reactor neutrino oscillation with the first JUNO data

Abstract Neutrino oscillations (see refs. 1,2 and references therein), a quantum effect manifesting at macroscopic scales, are governed by lepton flavour mixing angles and neutrino mass-squared differences3 that are fundamental parameters of particle physics, representing phenomena beyond the Standard Model. Precision measurements of these parameters are essential for testing the completeness of the three-flavour framework, determining the mass ordering of neutrinos and probing possible new...

Nature 19h ago

Autonomous AI screening flags unreliable Lyme test results, boosting sensitivity to 95.7%

Autonomous AI screening flags unreliable Lyme test results, boosting sensitivity to 95.7% Andrew Zinin Lead Editor Computational point-of-care sensors can significantly improve access to diagnostics by enabling rapid patient testing outside centralized medical facilities. These tests rely on machine learning models to make diagnostic predictions, but such inference models are susceptible to hallucinations and may produce erroneous outcomes. As a result, their limited reliability has...

Phys.org 3d ago

Commentary: If your child’s myopia keeps getting worse, having new spectacles isn’t enough

Commentary: If your child’s myopia keeps getting worse, having new spectacles isn’t enough Slowing the progression of myopia in children early may matter far more than we realise for their lifelong eye health, says Dr Foo Li Lian. SINGAPORE: When I tell parents that their young child’s spectacle prescription has increased again within a year, they are sometimes almost too calm about it. They see it as simply “updating glasses” annually and making the child sit farther from the television or...

Channel News Asia 5d ago

Can You Stop a Hypersonic Missile?

Can You Stop a Hypersonic Missile? The headlines say yes. Patriot crews shot down a Kinzhal over Kyiv on the night of May 4, 2023.

Hacker News 9d ago

FLASH: Ultrafast beam quality characterization via spatial-to-temporal mapping

Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate and real-time monitoring of spatial beam quality has emerged as the absolute prerequisite for intelligent optical field regulation and advanced laser applications. However, modern high-power and multimode optical systems exhibit highly complex, nonlinear, and transient behaviors. In these systems, the spatial beam profile undergoes dramatic reorganizations within extremely short timeframes.

arXiv Physics 2d ago

Wave propagation and scattering in time dependent media: Lippmann-Schwinger equations, multiple scattering theory, Kirchhoff Helmholtz integrals, Green's functions, reciprocity theorems and Huygens' principle

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Wave scattering plays a central role for the modeling of complex wave propagation across all corners of science and engineering applications, including electromagnetic, acoustics, seismic and scattering physics. Wave control using time interfaces, where the properties of the medium through with the wave travels rapidly change in time, has opened further opportunities to control wave propagation in both space and time. For acoustic waves, studies on time...

arXiv Physics 2d ago