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Related Articles from SNS
Chronic Mild Stress Impairs Hippocampal Myelination through SOX6-Dependent Dysfunction of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells
Chronic stress induces structural and functional changes in the brain, increasing susceptibility to major depressive disorder and other mental illnesses. Myelination deficits are a key pathological feature of stress-related disorders, yet the molecular mechanisms linking chronic stress to oligodendrocyte dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here, we used single-nucleus multiome sequencing to map gene expression and chromatin-accessibility remodeling in the hippocampus of mice exposed to...
PAD2 knockout reduces myelin protein aggregates, modulates neuroinflammation and protects motor neurons, axons and neuromuscular junction in a SOD1-ALS mouse model
Background: Dysregulated peptidyl deiminase 2 (PAD2) and aberrant protein citrullination (PC), a posttranslational modification (PTM), are involved in various inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. We previously showed in transgenic mice and postmortem human tissues that PC and PAD2 are altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neurons loss, paralysis, and death. Herein, we investigated the role of PAD2 in ALS by PAD2 knockout in...
Orientation Dependence of R2' in White Matter: Digital Characterization, Modelling and Implications for Studying Brain Physiology
Introduction R2* is the transverse relaxation rate of tissue, influenced by local magnetic field inhomogeneities arising from susceptibility differences. It decomposes into R2 and R2', where R2' is the reversible component most sensitive to blood oxygenation and forms the basis of the BOLD fMRI signal. Although orientation dependence of R2 and R2* in white matter (WM) has been attributed primarily to myelin, the vascular contribution to R2' has not been systematically characterized.
Popular anti-aging drug combo caused severe brain damage in mice
A drug combo widely explored for anti-aging may actually damage the brain, according to new mouse research showing severe loss of myelin and changes linked to “chemo brain.” Surprisingly, the damaged cells resembled those seen in multiple sclerosis, giving scientists a new lead in understanding—and potentially repairing—the disease.
Schwann Cell Mapping and Characterization in Bone of Different Embryonic Origins
Schwann cells (SCs) provide support for nerves throughout the body. Despite importance for nerve function and repair, the morphology and distribution of SCs in bone remains largely undefined. In this study we used a ,Schwann Cell Mapper, mouse (Mpz-Cre+/-;TdT+/+;Ngfr-eGFP+/+) and a ,p75 Lineage Tracer, mouse (Ngfr-CreERT2+/-;ZsGreen1+/+) to study SC localization and morphology within the adult mouse calvaria, limb, and vertebrae.
Whole-genome duplication shaped cell-type evolution in the vertebrate brain
Abstract The complex brains of vertebrates have more cell types than those of their closest relatives. Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) occurred during early vertebrate evolution1, but it is unclear whether the duplicated genes (ohnologues) facilitated cell-type evolution. Here using brain single-cell transcriptomes from five chordates—human2, mouse3, lizard4, lamprey5 and amphioxus—we report that many cell-type families with conserved core transcription factors in vertebrates do not show...
Multi-omics analysis reveals chromatin and transcriptomic remodeling in hippocampal CA1 following adolescent social isolation
Social isolation (SI) during adolescence is associated with long-term vulnerability to psychiatric disorders; however, its effect on the hippocampal epigenome and transcriptome remains unclear. Here, we performed integrative ATAC-seq and RNA-seq of the hippocampal CA1 region using an adolescent mouse SI model, combined with single-cell RNA-seq reference mapping and cell type deconvolution. ATAC-seq identified SI-associated alterations in chromatin accessibility, including an increase in...
A prognostic human brain network for diffuse midline glioma
Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are near-universally lethal tumours of the childhood central nervous system1,2. In animal models, DMGs form brain-wide integrated networks through neuron-to-glioma synapses3,4,5,6 and glioma-to-glioma gap junctional coupling3. This extensive connectivity robustly promotes the growth and invasion of DMG3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and other glial malignancies10,11,12 through paracrine mechanisms and direct neuron-to-glioma synapses.