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A Na⁺-PINK1 signaling axis couples mitochondrial fission to structural remodeling during synaptic depression

Mitochondrial density in dendrites adapts to the number of synaptic inputs to adequately sustain local ATP and Ca2+ buffering for neuronal signaling. During long-term depression (LTD), synapse elimination is accompanied by activation of caspase-3 through sublethal mitochondria-derived apoptotic signals, driving neurotransmitter receptor internalization and spine shrinking. However, the upstream signals that link synaptic activity to mitochondrial remodeling remain unknown.

Diverse binding poses of agonistic neurotoxins on human Na_v1.6

Abstract Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are key targets of various venomous toxins. Deciphering the binding poses and mechanisms of action of representative toxins will help to dissect the functional mechanism of the channels and facilitate therapeutic development targeting Nav channels1,2. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of distinct binding poses of three agonistic peptide toxins on the human Nav1.6–β1 channel complex.

'Kar diya na maine': Rajat Patidar's first words after RCB's title win

As the fireworks lit up the Ahmedabad sky and Royal Challengers Bengaluru players celebrated yet another IPL triumph, one man sat quietly in the stands, soaking in the moment. Abhishek Pathrod had found a spot close to the presentation stage, eagerly waiting for his childhood friend Rajat Patidar. With the coveted trophy in his hands, Patidar walked straight towards his childhood friend after the ceremony.

Diabetes math 1: 'Diolch bod 'na ffordd i fyw gyda fe'

Irish regulators are investigating whether Meta is using 'dark patterns' to steer people away from non-algorithmic feeds

Irish regulators are investigating whether Meta is using 'dark patterns' to steer people away from non-algorithmic feeds Irish regulators have opened two investigations into Meta over whether the company is sufficiently complying with a European law requiring platforms to offer users alternatives to targeted algorithmic feeds. Coimisiún na Meán, Ireland's internet watchdog, said Tuesday that it was responding to complaints the company was using "dark patterns" to prevent people from...

Non-Additive Ion Effects on the Coil-Globule Equilibrium of a Generic Polymer in Aqueous Salt Solutions

Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mixtures of weakly and strongly hydrated anions induce non-additive changes in the LCST of thermoresponsive polymers such as PNIPAM and PEO. Large-scale atomistic simulations of PNIPAM--NaI--Na$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ mixtures have shown that these effects arise from the interplay between favorable PNIPAM--iodide interactions and depletion of strongly hydrated sulfate ions. Here, we investigate whether chemically specific polymer--anion interactions are necessary...

ANCHOR: Abductive Network Construction with Hierarchical Orchestration for Reliable Probability Inference in Large Language Models

Announce Type: replace Abstract: A central challenge in large-scale decision-making under incomplete information is estimating reliable probabilities. Recent approaches use Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate explanatory factors and coarse-grained probability estimates, which are then refined by a Na\"ive Bayes model over factor combinations. However, sparse factor spaces often yield ``unknown'' predictions, while expanding factors increases noise and spurious correlations, weakening...

Geometry-Aware Probabilistic Circuits via Voronoi Tessellations

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Probabilistic circuits (PCs) enable exact and tractable inference but employ data independent mixture weights that limit their ability to capture local geometry of the data manifold. We propose Voronoi tessellations (VT) as a natural way to incorporate geometric structure directly into the sum nodes of a PC. However, na\"ively introducing such structure breaks tractability.

Belfast to get longer Sunday trading hours for two weeks

Larger shops will be allowed to open earlier on 2 and 9 August - when the city is hosting the all-Ireland Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann.

Targeting an allosteric binding site in the citrate transporter NaCT (SLC13A5)

The Na+-dependent citrate transporter NaCT (SLC13A5) is a key regulator of citrate homeostasis and has emerged as a therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disease, including the SLC13A5 Epilepsy, a rare disease marked by severe sezures and neurodevelopmental delays. Current NaCT inhibitors are substrate-like molecules that competitively bind the substrate binding site. In this study, we identify previously unknown small molecule inhibitors of NaCT by targeting a putative...