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Will AI ruin the social sciences — or revolutionize them?
Nature, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01726-yThe technology can whip up spurious findings and pollute survey responses, but it could also make research more rigorous.
From Text to Discovery: How Are LLMs Reshaping Scientific and Humanistic Research?
arXiv:2606.08723v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping academic research across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, yet the scientific community lacks a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary account of how these tools are being integrated, what they deliver, and where they fall short. This paper addresses that gap by mapping their current state and outlining an agenda for their responsible integration into scientific research. Our...
In-Context Learning of Stochastic Differential Equations with Foundation Inference Models
arXiv:2502.19049v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) describe dynamical systems where deterministic flows, governed by a drift function, are superimposed with random fluctuations, dictated by a diffusion function. The accurate estimation (or discovery) of these functions from data is a central problem in machine learning, with wide application across the natural and social sciences. Yet current solutions either rely heavily on prior knowledge of the...
Daily briefing: Bad supervisors bump early-career researchers out of academia
Nature, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01791-3Almost 40% of respondents to a survey said that their supervisor was disorganized and a poor communicator. Plus, promising results against a hard-to-treat cancer and whether AI will help or hinder social sciences.
A thalamus–brainstem attractor network drives history-biased decisions
Abstract Natural environments often change gradually, making it adaptive to bias decisions on the basis of the recent past — a phenomenon known as serial dependence1,2,3. Large-scale recordings during behaviour have identified that serial dependence is a common motif for decision-making, with neural representations of past experiences found throughout the brain4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. However, it remains unclear whether this bias arises from dedicated neural circuits with history-specific...
Sex-specific roles for yawning in the Emperor cichlid Boulengerochromis microlepis
Yawning is a poorly understood, yet spontaneous and ubiquitous behaviour. Three main hypotheses explain the function of yawns, most notably stimulating arousal. Yawns can also play a role in social cohesion through their "contagious" nature, eliciting an unconscious yawn in an observer.
Your brain starts making social decisions before you do
Your brain starts making social decisions before you do - Date: - June 2, 2026 - Source: - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Summary: - Researchers found that social behavior begins in the brain before it becomes visible as movement. In zebrafish, a coordinated pattern of activity spread across the brain several seconds before the animals approached another fish. A higher brain region called the pallium played a key role, and fish with stronger neural signals were generally more social.
Structure-Aware Modeling of Multiple-Choice Questions Improves Automatic Difficulty Estimation
arXiv:2606.08988v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic Question Difficulty Estimation (AQDE) holds growing promise for educational assessment because it has the potential to yield difficulty estimates that are competitive with expert judgment, while helping reduce the time and financial burden associated with pilot administrations and scaling to digital testing contexts. Prior AQDE studies report mixed evidence on whether adding distractors as additional text to the question stem and the...
Daily briefing: Lung microbiome linked to a mysterious tissue-scarring condition
Nature, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01828-7Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis appears to be linked to a receptor that’s responsible for keeping bacteria in check. Plus, scientists’ thoughts on Microsoft’s newest quantum chip and what drives us to want to socialize.