Observability
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Related Articles from SNS
Relativity from the Perspectives of Observers
Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper reviews the role of observers in the development of relativity theory, from special relativity to general relativity, emphasizing that observer-dependent descriptions are as fundamental as the covariance of physical laws. This paper reviews the role of observers in the development of relativity theory, from special relativity to general relativity, emphasizing that observer-dependent descriptions are as fundamental as the covariance of physical laws....
State Observers for Linear Systems with Prescribed Residual Bounds
Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a state observer design for continuous linear time-invariant (LTI) systems subject to unknown bounded disturbances, that enforces a prescribed bound on the observer residual. The proposed observer augments a continuous-time Luenberger observer with state resets, triggered when the norm of the residual equals a pre-specified bound. The reset map guarantees contraction of the residual at jump instants while preserving the uniform boundedness...
Multiscale Nudging: From Macroscopic Observations to Microscopic Dynamics
arXiv:2606.06809v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a measure-based nudging framework for assimilating macroscopic observations into microscopic mean-field particle dynamics. The central difficulty is a representation mismatch: the forecast is a labeled particle system, while the observations specify only a smoothed, permutation-invariant density. To address this mismatch, we define the forecast-observation discrepancy as a quadratic functional on probability measures after...
Multiscale Nudging: From Macroscopic Observations to Microscopic Dynamics
arXiv:2606.06809v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a measure-based nudging framework for assimilating macroscopic observations into microscopic mean-field particle dynamics. The central difficulty is a representation mismatch: the forecast is a labeled particle system, while the observations specify only a smoothed, permutation-invariant density. To address this mismatch, we define the forecast-observation discrepancy as a quadratic functional on probability measures after applying...
Light Cone Consistency: Closure, Ordering, and the Single-Observer Boundary
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Every distributed system is a message-passing system, and every message-passing system is a growing causal DAG observed by a set of observers. We treat each observer's consistency as two operators on its visible sub-DAG (a causal-closure filter $C$, fixing which dependencies it must have seen, and a fork resolution $O$, ordering the concurrent forks the filter admits) and give the resulting space the structure the flat catalog of named models lacks. The...
Engagement Process: Rethinking the Temporal Interface of Action and Observation
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Task completion in digital and physical environments increasingly involves complex temporal interaction, where actions and observations unfold over different time scales rather than align with fixed observation--action steps. To model such interactions, we propose \emph{Engagement Process} (EP), an interaction formalism that inherits the decision-theoretic structure of POMDPs while making time explicit in the action--observation interface. EP represents...
Minimax-Optimal Policy Regret in Partially Observable Markov Games
arXiv:2606.02363v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study sequential decision-making in partially observable environments against strategic, adaptive opponents, modeled as partially observable Markov games (POMGs). The central challenge is to learn latent dynamics from partial observations while facing an adversary whose behavior depends on the learner's strategy, making standard regret notions inadequate. We prove that an epoch-based optimistic maximum-likelihood algorithm achieves...
On-demand Arctic observations with low-cost balloon systems could sharpen local storm forecasts
On-demand Arctic observations with low-cost balloon systems could sharpen local storm forecasts Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor Arctic communities are increasingly exposed to dangerous weather events due to climate change and rely on accurate weather forecasts. However, conditions in the lower atmosphere remain poorly observed in the Arctic because monitoring systems are expensive and difficult to deploy. Now, researchers propose a new framework for on-demand...
Observation-driven correction of numerical weather prediction for marine winds
arXiv:2512.03606v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate marine wind forecasts are essential for safe navigation, ship routing, and energy operations, yet they remain challenging because observations over the ocean are sparse, heterogeneous, and temporally variable. We present an observation-informed correction approach for global numerical weather prediction (NWP) of marine winds. Rather than forecasting winds directly, we learn local correction patterns by assimilating the latest...
How Well Do Latent World Models Understand Partially Observable Safety Constraints?
arXiv:2510.06492v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Latent world models are a promising approach for learning state representations and dynamics directly from high-dimensional observations, enabling robot control in hard-to-model settings. However, control performance ultimately depends on the latent representation encoding the required information for the task. In this work, we study latent-space safe control problems and show how partial observability can induce control failures when...