Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning
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Related Articles from SNS
Mitigating False Credit Propagation: Probabilistic Graphical Reward Aggregation for Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2606.03361v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rubric-based rewards are increasingly used for open-ended language model post-training, but criterion-level scores are often aggregated as independent utilities. This flat scalarization ignores rubric-specified prerequisite and activation relations among criteria, allowing reward or penalty to be counted even when the condition that licenses it is absent. We call this structural reward-aggregation failure \textbf{False Credit Propagation} (FCP).
RUBAS: Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning for Agent Safety
arXiv:2606.04051v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The evolution of LLMs into tool-enabled agents creates a new class of safety challenges associated with real-world execution rather than simple text generation. Existing alignment methods often rely on coarse refusal signals or static supervision, making it difficult to balance safety with useful tool execution across diverse agentic risks. We introduce RUBAS, a rubric-based reinforcement learning framework for agent safety.
Reproducing, Analyzing, and Detecting Reward Hacking in Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning
Announce Type: new Abstract: Rubric-based reinforcement learning (RL) uses an LLM-as-a-Judge (LaaJ) to score model outputs according to rubrics as rewards. However, policy models may exploit latent biases in the judge, leading to reward hacking and ineffective or unsafe training outcomes. In real-world rubric-based RL, such hacking behaviors are often subtle and entangled with multiple judge biases, making them difficult to analyze, detect, and mitigate.
AnyAudio-Judge: A Dynamic Rubric-Based Benchmark and Evaluator for Audio Instruction Following
arXiv:2606.03116v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid advancement of instruction-guided audio generation has highlighted the critical need for robust alignment evaluation. Current automated evaluation methods heavily rely on holistic scoring from general-purpose large language models, which struggle to decouple complex instructions, lack interpretability, and fail to capture fine-grained attribute mismatches. To address this, we introduce a novel dynamic rubric-based evaluation...
InfiMed-ORBIT: Aligning LLMs on Open-Ended Complex Tasks via Rubric-Based Incremental Training
arXiv:2510.15859v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has powered many recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs), especially for tasks where rewards can be computed automatically, such as code generation. However, it is less effective in open-ended medical dialogue, where feedback is ambiguous, context-dependent, and difficult to simply summarize into a single scalar signal-often requiring heavily supervised reward models and creating risks of reward...
QUBRIC: Co-Designing Queries and Rubrics for RL Beyond Verifiable Rewards
Announce Type: new Abstract: Rubric-based RL is a promising route for extending reinforcement learning beyond verifiable rewards, yet existing methods optimize rubrics while treating the query distribution as fixed. We identify a structural bottleneck: rubric quality is constrained by query structure. Open-ended queries yield vague rubrics; naively narrowing them introduces fabricated references that no model can verify, so all responses fail and training receives no reward signal.
Learning Query-Specific Rubrics from Human Preferences for DeepResearch Report Generation
arXiv:2602.03619v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Nowadays, developing reliable DeepResearch-style long-form report generation remains challenging, as training and evaluation lack verifiable reward signals. Accordingly, rubric-based evaluation has become a common practice. However, existing approaches either rely on coarse, pre-defined rubrics that lack sufficient granularity or depend on manually constructed query-specific rubrics that are costly and difficult to scale.
From Holistic Evaluation to Structured Criteria: Rubrics Across the Evolving LLM Landscape
Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance toward open-ended autonomous agents, the mechanisms used to evaluate and guide their behavior must evolve accordingly. This work introduces the rubric as a unifying framework capturing this evolution, characterizing rubrics as a dynamic response to successive LLM paradigm shifts that recurs across otherwise independent efforts in evaluation, reinforcement learning, and safety alignment.
Improving Heart-Focused Medical Question Answering in LLMs via Variance-Aware Rubric Rewards with GRPO
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise in healthcare applications. Yet deploying general-purpose models in real-world settings remains difficult due to data privacy constraints, inference costs, and limited suitability for edge or on-device use. These challenges motivate the development of smaller, more efficient models that require robust post-training strategies to ensure reliable medical reasoning.
Correct Is Not Enough: Training Reasoning Planners with Executor-Grounded Rewards
arXiv:2605.03862v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has become a common way to improve explicit reasoning in large language models, but final-answer correctness alone does not reveal whether the reasoning trace is faithful, reliable, or useful to the model that consumes it. This outcome-only signal can reinforce traces that are right for the wrong reasons, overstate reasoning gains by rewarding shortcuts, and propagate flawed intermediate states...