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Fast Deterministically Safe Proof-of-Work Consensus

arXiv:2512.19968v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Permissionless blockchains achieve consensus while allowing unknown nodes to join and leave the system at any time. They typically come in two flavors: proof of work (PoW) and proof of stake (PoS), and both are vulnerable to attacks. PoS protocols suffer from long-range attacks, wherein attackers alter execution history at little cost, and PoW protocols are vulnerable to attackers with enough computational power to subvert execution history.

arXiv CS 6d ago

Pomodoro ripieni (tomatoes stuffed with rice)

I use beef tomatoes for this as our vine tomatoes are too small (falling apart before the stuffing cooks). But look out for large vine tomatoes; I’ve given an approximate weight. These are easy to make but take a little care.

The Telegraph 2d ago

LLM-Guided ANN Index Optimization for Human-Object Interaction Retrieval

Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval systems underpin modern AI applications -- spanning visual search, recommendation engines, and multi-modal question answering. Modern multi-stage retrieval systems require the joint optimization of highly coupled parameters, yet traditional hyperparameter optimization (HPO) methods -- including Tree-structured Parzen Estimators (TPE) and Gaussian Process Bayesian Optimization -- rely on an independence assumption that fundamentally prevents them from...

arXiv CS 5d ago

Modeling and Simulation of Nitrogen Generation by Pressure Swing Adsorption for Power-to-Ammonia

arXiv:2604.09053v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Power-to-ammonia (P2A) provides a carbon-free alternative to conventional ammonia production by replacing fossil-based feedstocks with electrolytic hydrogen and nitrogen from air separation. For decentralized P2A systems, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) offers a flexible alternative to cryogenic air separation. However, its industrial implementations are largely proprietary, and open, first-principles models capable of simulating its cyclic,...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Elderflower, strawberry, blueberry and cherry summer pudding

Raspberries and redcurrants aren’t in season until later in the summer, but I can never wait for them to make my first summer pudding. Elderflower cordial does vary in strength – I use Bottlegreen, which is quite intense. Requires a day’s chilling time Overview 20 mins 15 mins 6 Ingredients - 1kg mixture of hulled strawberries, blueberries and stoned cherries (prepared weight) - 2 tbsp caster sugar - 6 tbsp elderflower cordial - 275g sliced white bread, crusts removed (prepared weight)

The Telegraph 5d ago

SPM-Bench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Scanning Probe Microscopy

arXiv:2602.22971v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As LLMs achieved breakthroughs in general reasoning, their proficiency in specialized scientific domains reveals pronounced gaps in existing benchmarks due to data contamination, insufficient complexity, and prohibitive human labor costs. Here we present SPM-Bench, an original, PhD-level multimodal benchmark specifically designed for scanning probe microscopy (SPM). We propose a fully automated data synthesis pipeline that ensures both high...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Thirty years at El Mirón cave uncover 40,000 years of Iberian prehistory

Thirty years at El Mirón cave uncover 40,000 years of Iberian prehistory Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor For the past three decades, a team of archaeologists have been uncovering some of the field's most recent monumental discoveries, relying on gut instinct, persistent hard work, and cutting-edge methods and technologies. The El Mirón Cave excavation project has been a long-term commitment for the lead researchers, fueled by each new discovery and a continued...

Phys.org 9d ago

Life in the ancient Arctic: Tiny teeth of newly discovered species suggest it was a cradle of mammalian evolution

Life in the ancient Arctic: Tiny teeth of newly discovered species suggest it was a cradle of mammalian evolution Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor A fossil mammal tooth smaller than a grain of rice does not announce itself loudly. It must be hard won from sediment and stone. Then, under a microscope, it reveals itself—no longer just a speck of blackness but a surface of cusps, ridges, and worn edges.

Phys.org 8d ago