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Related Articles from SNS
Synaptic Plasticity as a Function of the Temporal Derivative
A major outstanding question in neuroscience is whether the neocortex uses the same powerful learning algorithm as current AI models: error backpropagation. One way this could be accomplished is as a function of the temporal derivative (i.e., differences in neural activity states over time), which can closely approximate the backpropagated error gradient. We tested the hypothesis that the direction of synaptic plasticity is a function of the temporal derivative in synaptic activity over the...
A Na⁺-PINK1 signaling axis couples mitochondrial fission to structural remodeling during synaptic depression
Mitochondrial density in dendrites adapts to the number of synaptic inputs to adequately sustain local ATP and Ca2+ buffering for neuronal signaling. During long-term depression (LTD), synapse elimination is accompanied by activation of caspase-3 through sublethal mitochondria-derived apoptotic signals, driving neurotransmitter receptor internalization and spine shrinking. However, the upstream signals that link synaptic activity to mitochondrial remodeling remain unknown.
Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Stabilizes Goal-Conditioned Dynamics in a PFC-Inspired Reservoir Model for Multistep Goal-Directed Action Planning
arXiv:2606.03481v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) maintains goal information for action planning, but how recurrent circuits preserve it in an action-usable form over behavioral timescales remains unclear. Here we ask whether short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) can stabilize goal information as action-usable, goal-conditioned dynamics. We incorporated STP into a PFC-inspired reservoir computing model with basal-ganglia-inspired temporal-difference readout...
Patient-Derived Air-Liquid Interface Forebrain Organoids Reveal Functional Synaptic Deficits in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder with lifelong impact on everyday life. Disruptions in synapse functions play a key role in its complex and poorly understood etiological and pathological mechanisms. Here, we investigated both the molecular composition and the spontaneous and stimulated functional properties of synapses in neural organoids from SCZ individuals.
The ASD Risk Gene D5Ertd579e Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Selective Autism-Related Behaviors
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition shaped by contributions from hundreds of genes, many of which remain poorly characterized. This largely uncharacterized genomic landscape may therefore hold critical insight into how diverse molecular disruptions converge on shared social phenotypes. Here, we investigated KIAA0232 (mouse orthologue D5Ertd579e), an uncharacterized locus lacking known functional domains, using a global null knockout mouse model.
Ultrasensitive voltage imaging reveals distinct electrical microdomains in neurons
For the brain to compute, electrical signals must propagate over the membranes of individual neurons, connecting synaptic inputs to synaptic outputs. Complex neuronal morphologies coupled with the spatial organization of synaptic inputs and outputs enable diverse voltage transformations that underlie cell-type specific computations. However, measuring these transformations in vivo has remained challenging, leaving a crucial gap in our mechanistic understanding of single neuron computation.
Hybrid-plasticity Photonic Synapses Enabling Hardware-Level Neural Reuse
arXiv:2605.25712v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Biological intelligence is distinguished by neural reuse, the capacity to preserve established learning memory while repurposing it for new tasks and dynamic environments. Bringing this capability to photonic hardware requires hybrid plasticity, namely the coexistence of long-term synaptic plasticity for persistent weight storage and short-term synaptic plasticity for rapid, reversible adaptation within a single synaptic element; however,...
α-Synuclein and γ-Tubulin Cooperatively Regulate Activity-Evoked Presynaptic Microtubule Nucleation to Gate Dopamine Release
alpha-Synuclein has long been implicated in the regulation of synaptic activity, but the molecular basis that underlies this function has been elusive. Here, we identify a microtubule (MT)-dependent mechanism through which alpha-synuclein regulates synaptic dopamine release. Using live imaging of cultured dopaminergic neurons, we visualize dynamic MTs at individual presynaptic boutons and show that neuronal activity triggers local gamma-tubulin-dependent MT nucleation.
Spontaneous neurotransmitter release is regulated by Unc-5
The spontaneous quantal release of single vesicles of neurotransmitter in the absence of an action potential is a universal feature of all neuronal chemical synapses. These miniature events have long been thought to be stochastic and unregulated, leading to measurement of their frequency as a widely employed estimate of the number of synaptic connections within neuronal networks. Here we show using high resolution live imaging of Drosophila adult glutamatergic synapses that the spontaneous...
Rank dependency of rescaled pruning in recurrent neural networks
Throughout development and maturity, neural circuits undergo massive synaptic pruning, yielding highly sparse connectivity while preserving robust population-level computations. These population dynamics are often low-dimensional, allowing task-related computations to be formalized as trajectories within latent subspaces. How such low-dimensional dynamics are preserved amid widespread network sparsification remains unclear.