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Pulse Breathing Dynamics in a Mode-Locked Laser measured via SHG autocorrelation

arXiv Physics Friday 05 June 2026, 04:00 UTC By S. Kannan, S. Padmanaban, X. T. Yan, Y. S. Athreya, K. G. H. Baldwin, S. S. Hodgman, A. G. Truscott 1 min read
Key Points

arXiv:2603.24988v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in mode-locked lasers fundamentally limit applications from optical frequency combs to supercontinuum generation. While timing jitter has been extensively characterized, pulse amplitude and width fluctuations remain less accessible experimentally. We present a statistical autocorrelation method that demonstrates pulse breathing dynamics through Fano factor analysis of second-harmonic generation autocorrelation.

arXiv:2603.24988v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in mode-locked lasers fundamentally limit applications from optical frequency combs to supercontinuum generation. While timing jitter has been extensively characterized, pulse amplitude and width fluctuations remain less accessible experimentally. We present a statistical autocorrelation method that demonstrates pulse breathing dynamics through Fano factor analysis of second-harmonic generation autocorrelation. This reveals a characteristic W-shape in the enhanced Fano profile, a signature of pulse shape dynamics that is invisible to time-averaged fluctuations. Applying this method to two commercially available passively mode-locked oscillators operating at 1030 nm and 1045 nm, with different performance specifications, we measure pulse width fluctuations of 3.2(1)\,fs and 2.86(2)\,fs respectively. The two independent instruments serve as a cross-validation of the technique across different laser platforms. This diagnostic capability opens the door to identifying and suppressing specific breathing mechanisms, paving the way for the design of ultra-stable oscillators required for precision frequency metrology.
Pulse Breathing Dynamics (ORG) SHG (ORG) Fano (ORG) 2.86(2)\,fs (ORG)
Originally published by arXiv Physics Read original →

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