Acoustic propagation of a vortex beam in typical Arctic sound environments

arXiv:2606.15208v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study investigates the propagation of acoustic vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the Arctic underwater environments including the half-channel and the double duct. We produce a vortex beam with a 126-element hexagonal transducer array and model the acoustic propagation based on the ray method. It is found that under the typical Arctic circumstances, vortex beams with helical phase structures exhibit two unique capabilities. First, in the near field, the divergent components of vortex beams traveling at steep grazing angles illuminate shadow zones without mechanical steering of the acoustic source, which cannot be obtained by point or coherent sources at the same configuration. Second, despite strong boundary interactions and sound-speed inhomogeneity, the phase singularities and OAM modal content remain remarkably robust and can be identified at long ranges to some extend. The ice cover induces a larger transmission loss compared to the pressure release boundary condition because of the acoustic absorption in the ice canopy modeled as an elastic layer. These results advance the understanding of structured acoustic wave propagation in complex polar environments and thus provide a theoretical basis for subglacial exploration and under-ice acoustic communication.