Diesel taxes in Europe: Which countries charge the most?

Diesel has overtaken petrol as Europe's most expensive fuel, at a record €2.226 per litre. Yet EU governments still tax it about 12 cents less than petrol. Diesel is now the most expensive fuel at Europe's pumps. The EU weighted average price of diesel reached €2.226 per litre on 21 September 2026, according to the European Commission's Weekly Oil Bulletin. That was the highest level since the data began in 2005. That is 13.4 cents more than a litre of Euro-super 95 petrol. Filling a 50-litre tank with diesel now costs about €111. Roughly 40% of that amount goes on taxes. Taxes on diesel averaged €0.861 per litre across the bloc, or 38.6% of the pump price. On petrol, the tax bill is €0.981 per litre, about 12 cents more. The war with Iran, which began in February, has disrupted energy flows through the Strait of Hormuz, and diesel has been hit harder. Its EU average price has risen by about 40% since late February. European Central Bank experts estimate that refining margins added €0.41 per litre to diesel in the third week of September, or 19% of what drivers pay. For prices to fall, ECB experts said, "the key factor would be a cessation of the war in the Middle East, a normalisation of flows through the Strait of Hormuz and a restoration of global refining activity." Why is diesel taxed less than petrol? Diesel's lighter treatment is not new. EU rules set a minimum excise duty of €0.33 per litre on diesel, against €0.359 on petrol. Most governments also maintain a gap in their own rates, long defended as support for hauliers, farmers and other businesses that use diesel. In 2015, the Brussels-based campaign group Transport & Environment calculated that Europeans paid an average of 14 cents more tax per litre of petrol than diesel. A decade later, the gap remains. A 2021 Commission plan to tax fuels by energy content rather than volume would have ended diesel’s advantage. It requires the agreement of all 27 member states, but a compromise text failed to win unanimous support in November 2025. How the tax bill adds up on diesel Diesel is taxed in two stages. First comes excise duty, a fixed amount per litre. Some countries add levies such as a carbon charge. Then value-added tax (VAT), ranging from 17% in Luxembourg to 27% in Hungary, is applied on top of everything, including the excise. It is a tax on a tax. Here are the 10 EU countries with the highest taxes on diesel. The ranking compares the amount of tax paid per litre, rather than the percentage of the pump price that goes on tax. 10. Greece: €0.855 per litre Greece charges €0.41 per litre in excise, unchanged since July 2017, plus 24% VAT. Including other taxes of about €0.014 per litre, taxes make up 38.4% of the €2.224 pump price. With petrol excise at €0.70, Greek diesel is taxed 28.6 cents less than petrol, the widest gap in the EU. 9. Austria: €0.897 per litre Austria combines a mineral oil tax of €0.378 per litre with a carbon levy of about €0.145, before applying 20% VAT. Taxes account for 40.1% of the €2.238 pump price. 8. Lithuania: €0.945 per litre Lithuania charges a fixed diesel excise duty of €0.50 per litre, higher than the fixed duty on petrol, plus a CO₂ component of €0.0536. It then applies 21% VAT. A temporary cut in the fixed component of the excise duty to €0.45 per litre, approved in April in response to the Middle East conflict, ended on 15 June. Together, taxes account for 41.9% of the €2.258 pump price. 7. France: €1.005 per litre France levies €0.6075 per litre in excise on diesel, plus 20% VAT. Taxes represent 42.2% of the €2.383 pump price. 6. The Netherlands: €1.006 per litre The Netherlands has the EU's most expensive diesel, at €2.579 per litre, yet ranks only sixth for tax. Its diesel excise is €0.55 per litre, against €0.84 on petrol. That leaves Dutch diesel taxed 26.7 cents less than petrol. 5. Belgium: €1.014 per litre Belgium charges exactly the same excise, €0.600 per litre, on diesel and petrol. Because diesel's pre-tax price is higher, 21% VAT pushes its tax bill 6.9 cents above petrol's. Taxes are 42.5% of the €2.387 price. 4. Germany: €1.024 per litre Germany applies an energy tax of €0.4704 per litre, a carbon price of €0.162 and 19% VAT. Taxes account for 41.7% of the €2.457 pump price. That is about to change. On 25 September, the Bundestag approved a 14.04-cent cut in energy tax from 1 October to 31 December, worth around 17 cents per litre including VAT. 3. Finland: €1.030 per litre Finland charges €0.511 per litre in excise and 25.5% VAT, the second-highest rate in the EU. Taxes make up 40.3% of Finland’s €2.555 pump price. **2. Italy: €**1.034 per litre Italian drivers paid €2.281 per litre according to the European Commission’s Weekly Oil Bulletin for 21 September. At the excise rate then in force, €0.5729 per litre, plus 22% VAT, taxes totalled about €0.984 per litre, or 43.1% of the pump price. However, on 26 September, excise rose to €0.6229 as the government scaled back its temporary tax discount. That rate applies until 5 October. Using the same €2.281 pump price for illustration, the higher excise combined with the standard 22% VAT would bring total tax to about €1.034 per litre, or 45.3%. 1. Denmark: €1.081 per litre Denmark's excise of 4.261 Danish kroner per litre is worth about €0.571, and 25% VAT adds another €0.511. Taxes account for 42.3% of the €2.555 pump price. With diesel and petrol prices at record levels in Europe, these duties and taxes could change quickly, as European governments seek to cushion drivers from rising prices. From 1 October, Germany will cut petrol and diesel taxes by around 17 cents per litre, including VAT, while Czechia’s diesel tax reduction is expected to save drivers about 10 cents per litre. Spain has also extended its fuel tax relief.