Drift-induced nonreciprocity in image-polariton-mediated dipole emission

arXiv:2610.38348v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Electrical current bias offers a magnet-free route to nonreciprocal light propagation at the nanoscale. Here, we theoretically explore drift-induced nonreciprocity in graphene heterostructures containing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), where graphene plasmons interact with hBN phonon polaritons in the infrared. Both the random-phase approximation and the Boltzmann transport equation are used to characterize the nonlocal optical response of drift-biased graphene. We compare graphene on hBN with an image-polaritonic structure comprising graphene, a thin hBN spacer, and a gold substrate. Carrier drift produces pronounced directional shifts of the polariton dispersion, while coupling to hBN phonon polaritons strongly modifies the nonreciprocal response. In the image-polaritonic structure, the graphene polaritons become up to twice as confined while retaining a comparable Fizeau shift. The nonreciprocal polariton dispersion produces directional near-field emission and nonreciprocal dipole-dipole interactions, the latter quantified through the cross density of optical states, reaching a left-right dissymmetry of up to ~40%. Our results identify image polaritons in drift-biased graphene as a compact, electrically tunable platform for directional coupling between quantum emitters at the nanoscale.