The world's longest running science experiment is about to turn 100

University of Queensland's world record pitch drop experiment about to turn 100 The world's longest running science experiment is sitting behind glass outside a lecture theatre at the University of Queensland. Hundreds of students walk past it every day, some perhaps unaware they are witnessing a slowly unfolding process that began almost a century ago. The pitch drop experiment began when the university's first professor of physics, Thomas Parnell, wanted to showcase the astonishing properties of what was then a commonly used material. Pitch is an organic material that is the result of heating coal or wood in an oxygen-free environment. It was once regularly used for waterproofing decks, boats, coffins and household containers. In 1927, Professor Parnell heated up a batch of pitch and placed it in a sealed glass funnel, which he left to cool. Three years later he cut the bottom off the funnel and the pitch began to flow like a liquid — at an incredibly slow rate. Loading...Professor Andrew White is the experiment's third custodian and said the pitch is an example of something that looks like a solid, but can behave like a liquid. "If you take a brand new tube of toothpaste on a cold day and hold it very carefully by the end and take the cap off, it doesn't flow. But as soon as you squeeze it, you put a pressure gradient on it," he said. "Pitch is like that except billions of times more viscous than toothpaste." Professor White said the pitch is moving at "about an atom a second". He said that was more than ten times slower than continental drift. "The ground beneath your feet moving in Australia is the red bull version of the pitch drop experiment,"he said. No pitch drops witnessed Since the bottom was cut off the funnel in 1930, just nine drops of pitch have fallen from the beaker. Remarkably, not one has ever been witnessed. Professor White said his predecessor, Professor John Mainstone, spent an entire weekend at the university in 1979 when he was expecting a drop to fall. "He sat here all Friday night, all day Saturday, all Saturday night through to Sunday morning. It didn't drop," Professor White said. "He went home, had a shower, came back in Monday morning and the pitch drop had dropped." Nine years later, it was the 1988 Expo in Brisbane. The University of Queensland had a stall set up at South Bank with a display cabinet for the pitch drop. Professor White said the drop fell in the "few minutes" when people left the room to get a drink. By the year 2000 and with the advent of the internet, it was hoped that finally a drop would be caught on camera. Unfortunately Queensland's weather had other ideas, and an ill-timed blackout meant another long wait. The installation of air conditioning to the building in the 1980s had also increased the time between drops. The last drop fell in 2014 but the beaker below it was so full of the previous pitch drops that the new one did not actually drop. "It just touched and then spent about eight years very slowly falling over," Professor White said. Now, a brand new, empty beaker awaits the tenth drop. Professor White said that is expected to happen in the next couple of years. "I'd love to be able to witness it in person, but I would settle for just a really good recording." [Image text:] To demonstrate this Protessor Panel heated a sample of The ptch was eft to sette for three years and in 1930 the sealed stem was cut.Since then the ptch has slowy dripped out of the funnel The experiment was set up as a domonstration.and is not kept in a temperature controled environment, so the rate of fow of the pitch varies with seasonal changes in stimate that this sample of ptchis about 100 blion t more viscous than water. Up unl the ninth drop. no-one had seen a drop fal As part of the gobal watch,483 people witnessed the drop fall va the livo feed onino. Join us as we w wa for the 10h drop to fal: thetenthwatch. AFL LOOKS LIKE A SOLID BUT BEHAVES LIKE At room temperature pitch seems hard and solid and shatters like glass when hit by 1927 1930 1938 1947 1954 1962 Poured into funnel Glass stem cut in October 1drop fell in December 2drop fell in February 3drop fell in April 4drop fell in 5drony 6h oll i Apn fell in July dop fell in November Pdrop fell in April CUL ISTODIANS OF THE PITC Professor John Mainst ssor Thonas Panel -1948) 1935-2013) Professor Mainstone joined ocThomas Parno was the firt or otFhysics at The Univorstyct University of Qucensland as nd n 19Q7 he st up he Ptch in Fhysics in 1961.He wes xperimert eP Drop E 52 yanNor Professor nor Prolecsor Pamel everw drop tal.