Representations for multidimensional down-down deconvolution of ocean-bottom seismic data: theory and practical implications

arXiv:2509.13123v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multidimensional up-down deconvolution effectively eliminates surface-related multiples from ocean-bottom seismic data. Recently, several down-down deconvolution methods have been introduced as attractive alternatives. Whereas multidimensional up-down deconvolution fully accounts for lateral variations of the medium parameters, the underlying theory of some of the down-down deconvolution methods is essentially based on the assumption that the medium is horizontally layered. Using reciprocity theory, this assumption is circumvented. This leads to representations for either receiver-side or source-side multidimensional down-down deconvolution. Compared with multidimensional up-down deconvolution, receiver-side down-down deconvolution only utilizes the downgoing part of the wavefield that better samples the shallow subsurface, but it is not entirely data-driven. Source-side down-down deconvolution benefits from the better sampled source array, but in the presence of sparsely sampled receivers it requires solving an underdetermined system of linear equations.