Conflicts over land and resources have deepened owing to climate breakdown, deforestation and population growth
Beneath the shade of the wide-spreading branches of a neem tree, five young gang members wearing camouflage and beanies and cradling AK47 rifles took refuge from the harsh midday sun. They passed around cold bottles of water and a popular energy drink called Fearless.
To their left, a dreadlocked teenager with his own rifle rested on one of three motorcycles parked on the sparse grass. To their right, another teenager sat with his back to the others, rolling a spliff.
Abu ‘Abu Radde’ Bello, the leader of a gang in Katsina state
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