Photooxidative ageing of 3D printed polymers PLA, ABS, PET, HIPS and PC induced by long-term UV radiation

arXiv:2606.00068v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This article focuses on the influence of long-term UV radiation exposure on mechanical and structural properties of selected polymeric materials (PLA, ABS, PC, PETG, HIPS) prepared using 3D-print based Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method. Existing research in the field of polymers weathering has been focused more on the combined effects so far, moreover on time scales not exceeding units of months. However, it is important to separate individual effects to understand the dynamics of material changes and design strategies to improve material resistance. Our research thus focuses on UV-affected ageing of the selected polymers for time duration exceeding 10 months (7744 consecutive hours, i.e. 322 days), performed in an environmental cell with controlled humidity and temperature. Mechanical properties were evaluated by a locally sensitive nanoindentation method. Surface properties, depth property profiles, and creep were studied as well. Hardness and modulus of elasticity data were obtained for a wide range of samples. Based on our analysis of mechanical properties, the highest UV resistances are characteristic for PLA and PC. On the contrary, noticeable changes of mechanical properties occur in the ABS and HIPS samples (even at greater depths), leading to an embrittlement of the former material. Changes in mechanical properties even in strongly affected samples (PETG) were only evident to depths <10 um. For the selected samples (PLA, ABS, PETG), vibrational spectroscopies (Raman scattering and infrared absorption) were exploited to gain a deeper insight into polymers structural changes. Vibrational spectra supported the results of mechanical properties tests: while PLA revealed no significant changes from the structural viewpoint; ABS and PETG showed differences in characteristic as well as deformation vibrations.