AI Behavioral Science
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AI Behavioral Science
arXiv:2509.13323v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We outline a foundation for a new field of ``AI Behavioral Science,'' covering three perspectives. First, as AI becomes ubiquitous and is increasingly proprietary and opaque, it becomes vital to develop techniques for assessing AI behavior. We outline how tools developed to assess people's behaviors by social scientists can be used to assess and infer AI's behaviors biases, tendencies, and heuristics.
Position: Don't Just "Fix it in Post": A Science of AI Must Study Training Dynamics
new Abstract: What would it mean to have a scientific understanding of AI? Models are not static objects: they are snapshots of time-evolving processes shaped by data, objectives, architectures, and optimization dynamics. Yet much of AI research treats models as fixed artifacts, analyzing behaviors after training rather than asking why they emerge.
Towards a Science of AI Agent Reliability
arXiv:2602.16666v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI agents are increasingly deployed to execute important tasks. While rising accuracy scores on standard benchmarks suggest rapid progress, many agents still continue to fail in practice. This discrepancy highlights a fundamental limitation of current evaluations: compressing agent behavior into a single success metric obscures critical operational flaws.
Entropy-Based Evaluation of AI Agents: A Lightweight Framework for Measuring Behavioral Patterns
Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents are commonly evaluated using task success, reward, latency, and cost. These metrics are useful, but they often miss important aspects of agent behavior: whether an agent explores too much, repeats itself too rigidly, uses tools effectively, reduces uncertainty over time, or remains robust across repeated runs. This paper proposes Entropy-Based Evaluation of AI Agents (EEA), a lightweight framework for measuring agent behavior through entropy.
Entropy-Based Evaluation of AI Agents: A Lightweight Framework for Measuring Behavioral Patterns
arXiv:2606.05872v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI agents are commonly evaluated using task success, reward, latency, and cost. These metrics are useful, but they often miss important aspects of agent behavior: whether an agent explores too much, repeats itself too rigidly, uses tools effectively, reduces uncertainty over time, or remains robust across repeated runs. This paper proposes Entropy-Based Evaluation of AI Agents (EEA), a lightweight framework for measuring agent behavior...
Boosting metacognition in entangled human-AI interaction to navigate cognitive-behavioral drift
arXiv:2602.01959v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: People navigate complex environments using cues, heuristics, and other strategies, which are often adaptive in stable settings. However, as AI increasingly permeates society's information environments, those become more adaptive and evolving: LLM-based chatbots participate in extended interaction, maintain conversational histories, mirror social cues, and can hypercustomize responses, thereby shaping not only what information is accessed...
Fundamental Limitation in Explaining AI
arXiv:2605.24727v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While large-scale models such as LLMs and diffusion models have achieved practical success, public institutions have emphasized the importance of explainability in AI. Existing methods for explaining AI, however, are not designed to provide completely faithful explanations of the behavior of large-scale AI systems.
AI Rater Discrimination Depends on Scoring Protocol in Complex Clinical Decision-Making
arXiv:2606.03198v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical AI evaluation increasingly delegates scoring to large language models (LLMs) acting as AI raters, yet their scoring behavior across evaluation conditions has not been quantitatively characterized. We address this gap through a factorial study of AI rater behavior in adult type 2 diabetes (T2D) pharmacotherapy at 12-month outpatient follow-up, a clinical task involving complex decision-making operationalized across seven evaluation...
Stumbling Into AI Emotional Dependence: How Routine AI Interactions Reshape Human Connection
arXiv:2606.04150v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Public discourse and emerging policy typically assume that AI emotional support is a deliberate act: a lonely user consciously seeking comfort from a dedicated companion chatbot. In this paper, we draw on emerging empirical evidence and argue that this picture is inaccurate on two accounts, both in how AI emotional support arises and how it shapes future behavior. First, AI emotional support commonly emerges incidentally within task-oriented...
NestRL: A Nested Training Regime for Mutual Adaptation in Human-AI Teaming
arXiv:2602.17737v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mutual adaptation is a central challenge in human-AI teaming, as humans naturally adjust their strategies in response to an AI agent's behavior. Existing approaches attempt to approximate human behavior by diversifying training partners; however, these partners are typically static and fail to capture the adaptive nature of human teammates. When agents are trained jointly in standard multi-agent settings, they often converge to opaque...