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Enhancing the MADDPG Algorithm for Multi-Agent Learning via Action Inference and Importance Sampling

arXiv:2606.05021v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate multi-agent deep reinforcement learning and propose two enhancements to the Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) algorithm. First, we introduce a novel Action Inference mechanism that enables each agent to predict other agents' intended actions, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of its own policy. Second, we apply an importance sampling strategy, using geometric distribution, in the replay buffer to...

arXiv CS 6d ago

C$^3$ache: Accelerating World Action Models with Cross Inference Chunk Cache

Announce Type: new Abstract: World Action Models (WAMs) generalize better than standard Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies to novel motions and environments, because a video-modeling objective lets them learn from abundant unlabeled video rather than scarce labeled robot demonstrations. This generalization is computationally expensive. To complete a task, a WAM runs over multiple inference chunks, and each chunk requires a costly denoising process.

arXiv CS 1d ago

CrossVLA: Cross-Paradigm Post-Training and Inference Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2605.21854v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have rapidly converged on a small set of architectural patterns: discrete-token autoregression (e.g. OpenVLA) and continuous-action flow-matching (e.g. pi-0.5). Yet preference alignment via Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) -- the de-facto post-training step in language models -- has been studied almost exclusively on autoregressive VLAs. We present CrossVLA, an empirical study of cross-paradigm VLA...

arXiv CS 1d ago

vla.cpp: A Unified Inference Runtime for Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2606.08094v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies are typically shipped as Python/PyTorch stacks that assume a workstation-class GPU, a mismatch for the hardware on which robots actually run. We present vla.cpp, a portable C++ inference runtime built on llama.cpp. To our knowledge, it is the first ggml-class engine to natively serve the flow-matching and diffusion VLA inference pattern, in which a cached vision-language prefix is consumed by a...

arXiv CS 1d ago

Denoising Tells When to Replan: Denoising-Variance Adaptive Chunking for Flow-Based Robot Policies

arXiv:2606.03847v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Action chunking has become a common inference strategy for flow-based robot policies, improving action coherence by modeling multi-step temporal dependencies in demonstrations. However, the execution horizon is still typically set as an empirical fixed value, overlooking that predictable free-space motions and precision-critical interaction phases often require different replanning frequencies. In this work, we first show that the denoising...

arXiv CS 7d ago

BOKBO (Best of K Bad Options): Calibrated Abstention for VLA Policies

arXiv:2605.30660v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Test-time scaling for vision-language-action (VLA) policies, methods such as RoboMonkey, SEAL, MG-Select, and V-GPS, samples K candidate action chunks at inference and executes the verifier-best. When all K candidates are unsafe, the system executes a violating action with no warning. We propose BOKBO, the first conformal abstention layer for K-sample VLA inference, providing finite-sample distribution-free guarantees on executed-violation rate.

arXiv CS 9d ago

What Is My Robot Thinking? Design Considerations for Transparent and Trustworthy Shared Autonomy

arXiv:2606.06870v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Assistive robots operating under shared autonomy must balance user control with autonomous assistance. Because robot actions depend on internal intent inference that is not directly observable, mismatches between inferred and intended goals can undermine coordination and trust. We investigate how interface-level transparency, including feedback modality (visual vs. auditory) and information richness (sparse vs. rich), shapes interaction in a...

arXiv CS 2d ago

MPCoT: Reward-Guided Multi-Path Latent Reasoning for Test-Time Scalable Vision-Language-Action

Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies remain brittle in long-horizon and high-uncertainty control, where one-pass action decoding provides limited inference-time deliberation. Explicit chain-of-thought can increase reasoning depth, but introduces token latency and an indirect text-to-action interface. We propose MPCoT, a reward-guided multi-path latent reasoning framework that initializes $M$ hypotheses, refines them for K weight-tied steps, and softly aggregates...

arXiv CS 5d ago

CP-Agent: Context-Aware Multimodal Reasoning for Cellular Morphological Profiling under Chemical Perturbations

arXiv:2606.03435v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cell Painting combines multiplexed fluorescent staining, high-content imaging, and quantitative analysis to generate high-dimensional phenotypic readouts to support diverse downstream tasks such as mechanism-of-action (MoA) inference, toxicity prediction, and construction of drug-disease atlases. However, existing workflows are slow, costly and difficult to interpret. Approaches for drug screening modeling predominantly focus on molecular...

arXiv CS 7d ago

DEFLECT: Temporal Counterfactual Preference Learning for Delay-Robust Asynchronous VLAs

arXiv:2605.19294v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies increasingly rely on asynchronous inference to hide large-model latency behind ongoing robot motion. While this avoids the stop-and-go behavior of synchronous action-chunk execution, it creates a prediction-execution mismatch: the next chunk is computed from a stale observation at inference start but executed only after the robot and scene have evolved. As a result, actions that fit the prediction-time...

arXiv CS 6d ago