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SW-$A^2$-Bench: Benchmarking Autonomous Software Agent Generation for Agentic Web

Announce Type: replace Abstract: The Agentic Web is emerging as a paradigm in which autonomous software agents interact with online resources and with each other to accomplish user goals. However, the capacity of Agentic Web is still limited by insufficient autonomous software agent population, which has become a crucial challenge for scaling Agentic Web. In order to alleviate this, we study the task of automatically converting existing code repositories into autonomous software agents via...

arXiv CS 2d ago

It's a TRAP! Task-Redirecting Agent Persuasion Benchmark for Web Agents

arXiv:2512.23128v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Web-based agents powered by large language models are increasingly used for tasks such as email management or professional networking. Their reliance on dynamic web content, however, makes them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks: adversarial instructions hidden in interface elements that persuade the agent to divert from its original task. We introduce the Task-Redirecting Agent Persuasion Benchmark (TRAP), a benchmark for studying how...

arXiv CS 2d ago

Learning to Adapt: Self-Improving Web Agent via Cognitive-Aware Exploration

arXiv:2605.31365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have led to promising progress in web agents. However, existing web agents often rely on handcrafted execution pipelines or expensive expert trajectories, limiting their adaptability to complex, dynamic environments. To address these challenges, we propose SCALE (Self-Cognitive-Aware Learning and Exploration), which leverages three adversarial roles, Selector, Predictor, and Judger to...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Signal-Driven Observation for Long-Horizon Web Agents

Announce Type: new Abstract: Web agents operating over long horizons ingest raw DOM and accessibility trees -- routinely tens of thousands of tokens -- at every action step, causing progressive context degradation that erodes reasoning well before tasks complete. We argue that this coupling of observation frequency to action frequency is an architectural mistake. Drawing on the insight from Recursive Language Models that querying a document outperforms reading it wholesale, we propose...

arXiv CS 2d ago

OpenWebRL: Demystifying Online Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning for Visual Web Agents

Announce Type: new Abstract: Building capable visual web agents requires long-horizon reasoning, precise grounding, and robust interaction with dynamic real-world websites. Despite rapid progress, the strongest systems remain largely proprietary, while open agents still depend heavily on supervised post-training over large collections of curated web trajectories. This dependence creates a major scalability bottleneck: high-quality demonstrations are expensive to collect, and static datasets...

arXiv CS 8d ago

OpenWebRL: Demystifying Online Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning for Visual Web Agents

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Building capable visual web agents requires long-horizon reasoning, precise grounding, and robust interaction with dynamic real-world websites. Despite rapid progress, the strongest systems remain largely proprietary, while open agents still depend heavily on supervised post-training over large collections of curated web trajectories. This dependence creates a major scalability bottleneck: high-quality demonstrations are expensive to collect, and static...

arXiv CS 5d ago

Agent JIT Compilation for Latency-Optimizing Web Agent Planning and Scheduling

arXiv:2605.21470v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate tasks specified with natural language such as "order the cheapest item from Taco Bell" by generating sequences of calls to tools such as click, type, and scroll on a browser. Current implementations follow a sequential fetch-screenshot-execute loop where each iteration requires an LLM call, resulting in high latency and frequent errors from incorrect tool use. We present agent just-in-time (JIT)...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Modeling Distinct Human Interaction in Web Agents

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite rapid progress in autonomous web agents, human involvement remains essential for shaping preferences and correcting agent behavior as tasks unfold. However, current agentic systems lack a principled understanding of when and why humans intervene, often proceeding autonomously past critical decision points or requesting unnecessary confirmation. In this work, we introduce the task of modeling human intervention to support collaborative web task execution.

arXiv CS 8d ago

Web Agents Should Use Typed Actions Instead of Click-Based Browsing

arXiv:2602.17245v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This position paper argues that building a reliable agentic Web requires shifting from low-level interaction primitives to typed actions supported by a semantic layer. Today's web agents primarily operate through clicks, keystrokes, and DOM manipulation, which leads to brittle long-horizon behavior, high execution cost, and limited auditability. We propose web verbs as a concrete design for this layer.

arXiv CS 1d ago

AsyncWebRL: Efficient Multi-Step RL for Visual Web Agents

arXiv:2606.05597v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training vision-language web agents with multi-step RL is compute-intensive, with two dominant forms of inefficiency: idle GPUs in synchronous RL, and trajectories that use more steps and tokens than necessary. We present AsyncWebRL, which addresses both.

arXiv CS 5d ago