Archaea
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Related Articles from SNS
Dead Sea archaea sport reinforced swimming tail for hypersalty waters
Dead Sea archaea sport reinforced swimming tail for hypersalty waters Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor Living in the Dead Sea would be a very unpleasant experience for most creatures. With salt concentration above 30% and temperatures ranging from 10–50°C, it takes unique environmental adaptations to survive in such harsh conditions. In a new Nature Communications study, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and the Institute of...
Functional class 2 CCA-adding enzymes in Asgard archaea and their implications for eukaryogenesis
CCA-adding enzymes are essential for transfer RNA (tRNA) maturation and translation among all domains of life. A long standing dogma holds that archaea encode exclusively class one CCA-adding enzymes (CCA1), whereas bacteria and eukaryotes encode class two enzymes (CCA2), creating a perceived strict evolutionary separation between archaeal and eukaryotic CCA adding enzymes. Here, we show that this view is incorrect.
Transcription factor CCTF1 plays a decisive role in regulating the proteasome activity during archaeal cell division
Archaea of the order Sulfolobales exhibit a highly ordered cell cycle progression similar to that of eukaryotes. It has been demonstrated that degradation of the cell division protein CdvB by the proteasome controls the progression of cell division. However, how the proteasome itself is regulated during the cell cycle is not fully understood.
Tetramerization and RNA-guided filament assembly control Schlafen-Argonaute antiphage defense
Two deeply conserved protein families, Argonaute (Ago) and Schlafen (SLFN), play defense roles in diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including humans. Here, we identify a monophyletic group of proteins broadly distributed across bacteria and archaea that fuse a SLFN domain with an Ago core and a GHKL-family ATPase. Using SLFN-pAgo from Runella zeae as a model, we show that these proteins protect bacterial cells against bacteriophages by employing the Ago core as a guide-dependent sensor and...
Gene ancestries reveal diverse microbial associations during eukaryogenesis
Abstract The origin of eukaryotes remains a central enigma in biology1. Continuing debates agree on the pivotal role of a symbiosis between an alphaproteobacterium and an Asgard archaeon2,3. However, the nature, timing and contributions of other potential bacterial partners4,5,6 and the role of interactions with viruses7,8,9 remain contentious.
Tryptophan became part of the universal genetic code post-LUCA
We evaluate whether tryptophan (W), widely thought to be the last of the 20 canonical amino acids added to the genetic code, was already present in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). We reconstruct the evolutionary history of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS), the enzyme that attaches W to its tRNA, and the related tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRS). We identify and exclude sequences derived from ancient recombination between archaeal and bacterial YRSs.
Divergent evolution of the PRPS enzymes across the tree of life
The phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS) enzyme plays a central role in core biochemical pathways across all life, reflecting its deep evolutionary significance. Here, we present a pan-domain analysis of more than 35,000 non-redundant protein sequences that defines the fundamental features of PRPS at the roots of both domains of life and at critical branchpoints in the tree of life, including during early eukaryogenesis. Combining protein language modeling with maximum likelihood...
What links My Fair Lady, Boy on a Dolphin and West Side Story? The Saturday quiz
From Akkadian and Babylonian to ‘ancient, morbid and toxic’, test your knowledge with the Saturday quiz1 The UK’s video recorders were reset in 1997 in advance of what? 2 Which tree is described by the Woodland Trust as “ancient, morbid, toxic”? 3 Which Midwest university has the biggest sports stadium in the US?4 Henry and Edward are the title characters of what 1886 novella? 5 Which Hollywood star couldn’t abide wire hangers?6 In 1413, whose body was moved from King’s Langley Priory to...
A new origin story for multicellular life points to physics, not genes alone
A new origin story for multicellular life points to physics, not genes alone Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor How did life make the leap from single cells to coordinated, multicellular organisms? And how do genetically identical cells still perform a version of that feat every time an embryo begins to take shape? In a new Perspective paper appearing in the journal Nature Biotechnology, Bren Professor of Biology and Biological Engineering Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz...