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Bellman Residual Minimization for Control: Geometry, Stationarity, and Convergence

arXiv:2601.18840v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Markov decision problems are most commonly solved via dynamic programming. Another approach is Bellman residual minimization, which directly minimizes the squared Bellman residual objective function. However, compared to dynamic programming, this approach has received relatively less attention, mainly because it is often less efficient in practice and can be more difficult to extend to model-free settings such as reinforcement learning.

arXiv CS 1d ago

Path-Coupled Bellman Flows for Distributional Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2605.08253v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) models the full return distribution, but existing finite-support or quantile-based methods rely on projections, while recent flow-based approaches can suffer from \emph{boundary mismatch} at the flow source or from \emph{high-variance} bootstrapping when current and successor noises are independent. We propose Path-Coupled Bellman Flows (PCBF), a continuous-time DRL method that learns return...

arXiv CS 5d ago

On the Complexity of Offline Reinforcement Learning with $Q^\star$-Approximation and Partial Coverage

Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study offline reinforcement learning under $Q^\star$-approximation and partial coverage, a setting that motivates practical algorithms such as Conservative $Q$-Learning (CQL; Kumar et al., 2020) but has received limited theoretical attention. Our work is inspired by the following open question: "Are $Q^\star$-realizability and Bellman completeness sufficient for sample-efficient offline RL under partial coverage?" We answer in the negative via an...

arXiv CS 1d ago

Robust Instruction Compliance in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in real-world use cases may need to adapt to external natural language instructions that interrupt ongoing behavior and conflict with long-horizon objectives. However, conditioning rewards on instructions introduces a fundamental failure mode as Bellman updates couple value estimates across instruction contexts, leading to inconsistent values when instructions interrupt macro-actions. We propose Macro-Action Value...

arXiv CS 2d ago

Target Updates May Stabilize Linear Q-Learning: Periodic and Soft Dynamics

arXiv:2606.02645v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Periodic target updates in Q-learning and soft target updates in actor-critic methods are empirically well established stabilization mechanisms, but their precise theoretical explanation is still incomplete. This paper gives a rigorous and exact analysis of these mechanisms for Q-learning with linear function approximation (linear Q-learning) using the exact switched linear system (SLS) dynamics induced by the Bellman maximum and the joint...

arXiv CS 7d ago

Clipped Affine Policy: Low-Complexity Near-Optimal Online Power Control for Energy Harvesting Communications over Fading Channels

arXiv:2601.07622v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper studies online power control for battery-limited point-to-point energy harvesting communications over slow block-fading channels. A linear-policy-based approximation is developed for the relative-value function in the Bellman equation of the power control problem. This approximation leads to two fundamental parameterized clipped affine policies: an optimistic policy derived from a certainty-equivalence-type approximation and a...

arXiv CS 2d ago

Mollified Value Learning

arXiv:2602.23280v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) learns goal-reaching behaviors from static datasets, but accurate value estimation remains challenging under limited state-action coverage. Existing physics-informed approaches address this by imposing pointwise distance-like geometric constraints derived from Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) optimality principles, often through first-order partial differential equations such as the...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Global Convergence of Wasserstein Policy Gradient for Entropy-Regularized Reinforcement Learning

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Wasserstein policy gradient (WPG) is a policy optimization method for reinforcement learning (RL) that exploits the optimal-transport geometry of action distributions. For the entropy-regularized RL objective, WPG evolves each state-conditional policy by transporting it along the action gradient of the soft Q-function together with a Langevin-type diffusion. Despite its appeal for continuous-control problems, its global convergence properties remain poorly...

arXiv CS 1d ago

Multivariate Distributional Reinforcement Learning Using Sliced Divergences

Announce Type: new Abstract: Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) models the full return distribution rather than expectations, but extending it to multivariate settings remains challenging. Many common metrics do not naturally generalize beyond one dimension or lose computational tractability, and the multivariate case introduces additional difficulties such as general matrix discounting, for which no contraction results are available. We introduce Sliced Distributional Reinforcement...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Adaptive Sensing beyond Non-Adaptive Information Limits: End-to-End Co-Design of Geometry, Policy, and Inference

arXiv:2604.25193v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Inverse design has transformed vast physical parameter spaces into a substrate for emergent functionality, raising the tantalizing prospect of relocating intelligence from the digital domain into the physical world itself. Nowhere is this prospect more consequential than in sensing, where the analog-to-digital interface imposes a fundamental bottleneck: information not captured by the hardware is irrevocably lost to any downstream...

arXiv Physics 1d ago