Building Blocks
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Related Articles from SNS
The Price of Decentralization in Block Building
Announce Type: new Abstract: Decentralized block building mechanisms replace the monopoly of a single proposer with multiple builders. However, their censorship-resistance and fair-access benefits depend not only on the number of builders, but also on whether builders are geographically positioned to provide timely transaction coverage. We study this tension between builder location choice, user transaction coverage, and reward concentration by modeling decentralized block building as a...
Microbes turn biodiesel byproduct into three nylon building blocks, opening greener route
Microbes turn biodiesel byproduct into three nylon building blocks, opening greener route Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor Nylon is a representative plastic material used throughout our daily lives, from clothing to automobiles. However, most of its raw materials have been produced through petrochemical processes, resulting in large carbon emissions. KAIST researchers have developed a technology that can produce key nylon precursors in an eco-friendly way using...
Protesters torch buildings and vehicles, block roads over Belfast stabbing
Protesters torch buildings and vehicles, block roads over Belfast stabbing A suspect from Sudan has been arrested for the brutal attack that was captured in a graphic video Anti-immigration protesters torched buildings and vehicles in Belfast on Tuesday evening and blocked roads, a day after a stabbing allegedly by a Sudanese refugee, captured in a graphic video that shocked the country. Hundreds of protesters, many masked, gathered at several locations across Belfast. A bus and several cars...
Paris and Berlin push 'gradual integration' plan into EU ahead of Balkans summit
Merz and Macron pitch "building blocks" approach to EU enlargement to revitalise accession talks, ahead of this week's Western Balkans summit. France and Germany are calling for a new process of "structured gradual integration" for EU candidate countries ahead of a summit with Western Balkan countries. The initiative aims to give candidate countries earlier benefits from closer integration with the bloc while maintaining the existing merit-based accession framework.
Rethinking Search as Code Generation
Rethinking Search as Code Generation Evolving search from monolithic services to programmable primitives for the era of agent harnesses. Search is a core primitive for AI systems. Frontier models grow more capable by the month, but they still need access to fresh, accurate, and well-curated knowledge from the wider world.
Ribosome tunnel interactions reveal how bacteria can pause protein production
Ribosome tunnel interactions reveal how bacteria can pause protein production Lisa Lock Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor How do bacteria regulate the production of their proteins? Researchers at the University of Hamburg, in collaboration with international partners, have now demonstrated how small protein building blocks, known as peptides, specifically influence bacterial protein production. The findings have been published in two articles in the journal Nature Communications.
DSA-Tokenizer: Disentangled Semantic-Acoustic Tokenization via Flow Matching-based Hierarchical Fusion
arXiv:2601.09239v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Speech tokenizers are a key building block of fully discrete Speech LLMs. Existing tokenizers either prioritize semantic encoding, fuse semantic content with acoustic style inseparably,or achieve incomplete semantic-acoustic disentanglement.
Fast TetraBFT: Optimizing Latency Where It Matters
Announce Type: new Abstract: Unauthenticated Byzantine consensus protocols achieve optimal failure resilience while relying only on authenticated point-to-point channels, not authenticated messages. They are an attractive building block for blockchains that do not mandate symmetric trust assumptions as well as for future post-quantum settings. We consider unauthenticated Byzantine consensus in partially synchronous networks and focus on optimizing its good-case latency - the worst-case time...
Thousandfold Expansion Microscopy
Biological macromolecules, such as proteins, are made of concatenated building blocks. We hypothesized that individual protein residues could be imaged by anchoring their side chains to a swellable polymer, cleaving backbone amide bonds, and expanding residues away from each other to a degree that enables them to be visualized separately. We introduce thousandfold expansion microscopy (1000ExM), a four-network interpenetrating hydrogel architecture that enables successive expansion from...
Gain and One-Way Propagation in Synthetically Moving non-Foster Gratings
Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the electromagnetic properties of space-time grooved metal surfaces governed by uniform-velocity modulations. We begin by deriving the electromagnetic fields of a uniform-velocity-modulated parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) using Lorentz transformations, establishing it as the fundamental building block of a more complex space-time structures. We then analyze the dispersion and scattering characteristics of a space-time grooved surface and...