Causal Mediation Analysis
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Breaking the Chain: A Causal Analysis of LLM Faithfulness to Intermediate Structures
Announce Type: replace Abstract: In schema-guided reasoning (SGR) pipelines, LLMs produce explicit intermediate structures -- rubrics, checklists, or verification queries -- before committing to a final decision. SGR is increasingly adopted because it promises controllability: practitioners expect to inspect, edit, and override these structures to steer the outcome.
Automatic Causal Fairness Analysis with LLM-Generated Reporting
Announce Type: replace Abstract: AutoML, intended as the process of automating the application of machine learning to real-world problems, is a key step for AI popularisation. Most AutoML frameworks are not accounting for the potential lack of fairness in the training data and in the corresponding predictions. We introduce \textsc{FairMind}, a software prototype aiming to automatise fairness analysis at the dataset level.
Imagination Helps Visual Reasoning, But Not Yet in Latent Space
arXiv:2602.22766v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Latent visual reasoning aims to mimic human's imagination process by meditating through hidden states of Multimodal Large Language Models. While recognized as a promising paradigm for visual reasoning, the underlying mechanisms driving its effectiveness remain unclear. Motivated to demystify the true source of its efficacy, we investigate the validity of latent reasoning using Causal Mediation Analysis.
Mechanistic Interpretability as Statistical Estimation: A Variance Analysis
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) aims to reverse-engineer model behaviors by identifying functional sub-networks. Yet, the scientific validity of these findings depends on their stability. In this work, we argue that circuit discovery is not a standalone task but a statistical estimation problem built upon causal mediation analysis (CMA).
Does Topic Sentiment Cause Perceived Ideology? Comparing Human and LLM Annotations in Political News Articles
Announce Type: new Abstract: We ask whether topic sentiment has a causal effect on perceived political ideology, and whether the answer depends on who assigns the ideology label. Using articles from AllSides, paired with shared sentiment annotations from Llama-3.3-70b-versatile, we compare ideology labels from expert human annotators, GPT-4o-mini (baseline and finetuned), and Llama-3.3-70B. We apply Double Machine Learning (DML) and community-level mediation analysis across all four...
Multimodal Function Vectors for Visual Relations
arXiv:2510.02528v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) demonstrate impressive in-context learning abilities from few multimodal demonstrations, yet the internal mechanisms supporting such task learning remain opaque. Building on prior work of Large Language Models, we show that a small subset of attention heads in Large Multimodal Models is responsible for transmitting representations of visual relations. The activations of these attention heads, termed function...
DisasterLex: An Expert Concept-to-Schema Knowledge Graph for Geospatial Reasoning in Disaster Analytics
arXiv:2605.30538v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Disasters are inevitable and increasingly costly, and effective response depends on querying structured tabular data: precise, information-dense records of hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and lifeline infrastructure that underpin disaster management. Current text-to-SQL methods enable natural-language access to such tables but transfer poorly to the disaster domain, where queries span heterogeneous geospatial schemas and require reasoning over...
The genetics of transcriptional responses to stress in yeast
Alteration of gene expression levels is a key cellular strategy for responding to internal and external challenges. While expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are known to influence steady-state transcript levels, their role in mediating rapid physiological transitions remains poorly understood. Using a high-throughput, "one-pot" single-cell RNA-seq approach, we mapped eQTLs in yeast immediately before and after two acute environmental shifts: salt perturbation of actively cycling...
A prognostic human brain network for diffuse midline glioma
Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are near-universally lethal tumours of the childhood central nervous system1,2. In animal models, DMGs form brain-wide integrated networks through neuron-to-glioma synapses3,4,5,6 and glioma-to-glioma gap junctional coupling3. This extensive connectivity robustly promotes the growth and invasion of DMG3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and other glial malignancies10,11,12 through paracrine mechanisms and direct neuron-to-glioma synapses.