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ValueGround: Evaluating Culture-Conditioned Visual Value Grounding in MLLMs

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cultural values are expressed not only through language but also through visual scenes and everyday social practices. Yet existing evaluations of cultural values in language models are almost entirely text-only, leaving it unclear whether culture-conditioned judgments remain stable when response options are visualized. We introduce ValueGround, a benchmark for evaluating culture-conditioned visual value grounding in multimodal large language models (MLLMs).

arXiv CS 9d ago

Neural Collapse Dynamics: Depth, Activation, Regularisation, and Feature Norm Threshold

arXiv:2604.00230v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural collapse (NC) -- the convergence of penultimate-layer features to a simplex equiangular tight frame -- is well understood at equilibrium, but the dynamics governing its onset remain poorly characterised. We identify a simple and predictive regularity: NC occurs when the mean feature norm reaches a model-dataset-specific critical value, fn*, that is largely invariant to training conditions. This value concentrates tightly within each...

arXiv CS 5d ago

Expectations vs. Realities: The Cost of MSE-Optimal Forecasting Under Conditional Uncertainty

Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-step time series forecasting (MSF) is commonly evaluated using point-wise error metrics such as mean squared error (MSE), implicitly treating the conditional mean as a sufficient target. We show that this can be misleading under conditional uncertainty, where the conditional expectation becomes unrepresentative of typical realized values at longer horizons. We formalize this effect through a conditional uncertainty gap and prove that whenever this gap is...

arXiv CS 6d ago

Culturally Grounded Personas in Large Language Models: Characterization and Alignment with Socio-Psychological Value Frameworks

arXiv:2601.22396v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite the growing utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) for simulating human behavior, the extent to which these synthetic personas accurately reflect world and moral value systems across different cultural conditionings remains uncertain. This paper investigates the alignment of synthetic, culturally-grounded personas with established frameworks, specifically the World Values Survey (WVS), the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map, and Moral...

arXiv CS 6d ago

Culturally Grounded Personas in Large Language Models: Characterization and Alignment with Socio-Psychological Value Frameworks

arXiv:2601.22396v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite the growing utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) for simulating human behavior, the extent to which these synthetic personas accurately reflect world and moral value systems across different cultural conditionings remains uncertain. This paper investigates the alignment of synthetic, culturally-grounded personas with established frameworks, specifically the World Values Survey (WVS), the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map, and...

arXiv Physics 6d ago

Adaptive Conditional Forest Sampling for Spectral Risk Optimisation under Decision-Dependent Uncertainty

arXiv:2603.12507v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Minimising a spectral risk objective, defined as a weighted combination of expected cost and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), is challenging when the uncertainty distribution is decision-dependent, making both surrogate modelling and simulation-based ranking sensitive to tail estimation error. We propose Adaptive Conditional Forest Sampling (ACFS), a four-phase simulation-optimisation framework that integrates Generalised Random Forests...

arXiv CS 2d ago

A Nitsche method for incompressible fluids with general dynamic boundary conditions

arXiv:2502.09550v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids may exhibit complex slip behaviour at the boundary. We examine a broad class of slip boundary conditions that generalises the commonly used Navier slip, perfect slip, stick-slip and Tresca friction boundary conditions. In particular, set-valued, nonmonotone, noncoercive and dynamic relations may occur.

arXiv CS 1d ago

TS-ICL: A Flexible Time-Indexed Foundation Model for Time Series via In-Context Learning

arXiv:2606.05878v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Foundation models mark a profound paradigm shift in time series modeling, with task-specific models being superseded by general-purpose zero-shot models. Yet, current approaches primarily focus on forecasting, while real-world time series are often irregularly and partially observed, requiring models that can jointly forecast, impute missing values, and handle degraded sampling conditions. To address these challenges, we introduce TS-ICL, a...

arXiv CS 5d ago

Q-Delta: Beyond Key-Value Associative State Evolution

Announce Type: new Abstract: Linear attention reformulates sequence modeling as recurrent state evolution, enabling efficient linear-time inference. Under the key-value associative paradigm, existing approaches restrict the role of the query to the readout operation, decoupling it from state evolution. We show that query-conditioned state readout induces a structured value prediction over accumulated memory that complements key-based retrieval.

arXiv CS 1d ago

Preserving Plasticity in Continual Learning via Dynamical Isometry

new Abstract: Continual training of deep neural networks under non-stationarity often leads to a progressive loss of plasticity, eventually limiting further learning. We relate plasticity to the empirical Neural Tangent Kernel, and identify dynamical isometry (the condition that layer-wise Jacobian singular values remain close to one) as a key mechanism for preserving plasticity in continual learning. We revisit a class of networks that are almost-everywhere isometric while remaining...

arXiv CS 1d ago