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From Local Training to Large-Scale Mapping: A Comparative Assessment of Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Transferable Satellite-Derived Bathymetry

Announce Type: cross Abstract: Satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) from multispectral imagery is cost-effective but scales poorly across regions, especially in optically complex coastal environments. We evaluate machine learning and deep learning for transferable SDB over the 0-20 m depth range using Sentinel-2 imagery. A Random Forest baseline and four CNNs (ResNet-50, ResNet-101, EfficientNet-B4, ConvNeXt-Large) are trained on Pratas Island and selected Great Barrier Reef regions, then...

arXiv Physics 7d ago

From Local Training to Large-Scale Mapping: A Comparative Assessment of Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Transferable Satellite-Derived Bathymetry

Announce Type: new Abstract: Satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) from multispectral imagery is cost-effective but scales poorly across regions, especially in optically complex coastal environments. We evaluate machine learning and deep learning for transferable SDB over the 0-20 m depth range using Sentinel-2 imagery. A Random Forest baseline and four CNNs (ResNet-50, ResNet-101, EfficientNet-B4, ConvNeXt-Large) are trained on Pratas Island and selected Great Barrier Reef regions, then...

arXiv CS 7d ago

SAGE: Shape-Adapting Gated Experts for Adaptive Histopathology Image Segmentation

arXiv:2511.18493v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The significant variability in cell size and shape continues to pose a major obstacle in computer-assisted cancer detection on gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs), due to cellular heterogeneity. Current CNN-Transformer hybrids use static computation graphs with fixed routing. This leads to extra computation and makes it harder to adapt to changes in input.

arXiv CS 1d ago

Samudra 2: Scaling Ocean Emulators across Resolutions

arXiv:2606.02610v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are essential to climate science but computationally expensive, limiting ensemble size and forcing scenarios. Neural emulators promise orders-of-magnitude speedups, yet existing ocean emulators have not combined fine spatial resolution with multi-year autoregressive rollouts. Samudra, the first autoregressive neural ocean emulator to produce multi-decade global rollouts, is limited to $1^\circ$...

arXiv Physics 7d ago

FAF-CD: Frequency-Aware Fusion for Change Detection under Imperfect Multimodal Remote Sensing

arXiv:2606.03114v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Remote sensing change detection for real-world monitoring often relies on imperfect heterogeneous observations, where pre- and post-event images may be asynchronous, cross-sensor, or affected by illumination, seasonal, and modality shifts. This setting is especially challenging for EO-SAR disaster mapping, where nuisance variation can resemble structural damage. We propose FAF-CD, a frequency-aware hybrid framework with a DINOv3-pretrained...

arXiv CS 7d ago

FACT: A Simple and Efficient Framework for Active Finetuning

arXiv:2606.02079v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The main goal of active finetuning is to improve a pretrained model's performance on a specific task or domain by finetuning it with carefully selected informative or challenging data. Previous research has predominantly focused on the active aspect (i.e., data selection) while uniformly employing full finetuning for model adaptation, which inevitably distorts pretrained features due to distribution shift.

arXiv CS 8d ago

Samudra 2: Scaling Ocean Emulators across Resolutions

arXiv:2606.02610v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are essential to climate science but computationally expensive, limiting ensemble size and forcing scenarios. Neural emulators promise orders-of-magnitude speedups, yet existing ocean emulators have not combined fine spatial resolution with multi-year autoregressive rollouts. Samudra, the first autoregressive neural ocean emulator to produce multi-decade global rollouts, is limited to $1^\circ$...

arXiv CS 7d ago

Knee-xRAI: An Explainable AI Framework for Automatic Kellgren-Lawrence Grading of Knee Osteoarthritis

arXiv:2604.23435v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Grading knee osteoarthritis (KOA) on plain radiographs is poorly reproducible across readers. A single-grade disagreement on the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale can alter surgical management or redirect a patient from conservative therapy to intra-articular injection. Meanwhile, deep learning models that outperform human readers often offer no explanation for their decisions.

arXiv CS 1d ago