Directional Bias
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Adversarial Attacks Already Tell the Answer: Directional Bias-Guided Test-time Defense for Vision-Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have shown strong zero-shot generalization but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, posing serious risks in real-world applications. Test-time defenses for VLMs have recently emerged as a promising and efficient approach to defend against adversarial attacks without requiring costly large-scale retraining. In this work, we uncover a surprising phenomenon: under diverse input transformations,...
Quantifying the Energy Floor: Direct Measurement and Replay Buffer Bias in SAC-Based HVAC Control on sbsim
Announce Type: new Abstract: We quantify the energy floor -- the minimum achievable cost given action space constraints -- for Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) HVAC control on the sbsim calibrated building simulator. Through minimum-action experiments, we directly measure this floor at USD 35.51/day, dominated by continuous electrical loads (USD 35.44, 99.8%) with negligible gas consumption. The standard SAC baseline, initialized with schedule-policy replay buffer transitions, converges to USD...
PRECISE: Reducing the Bias of LLM Evaluations Using Prediction-Powered Ranking Estimation
Announce Type: cross Abstract: Evaluating the quality of search, ranking and RAG systems traditionally requires a significant number of human relevance annotations. In recent times, several deployed systems have explored the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated judges for this task while their inherent biases prevent direct use for metric estimation. We present a statistical framework extending Prediction-Powered Inference (PPI) that combines minimal human annotations with LLM...
Probabilistic Gaussian Homotopy: A Probability-Space Continuation Framework for Nonconvex Optimization
arXiv:2603.13546v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce Probabilistic Gaussian Homotopy (PGH), a probability-space continuation framework for nonconvex optimization. Unlike classical Gaussian homotopy, which smooths the objective and uniformly averages gradients, PGH deforms the associated Boltzmann distribution and induces Boltzmann-weighted aggregation of perturbed gradients, which exponentially biases descent directions toward low-energy regions. We show that PGH corresponds to a...
Quantifying and Mitigating Self-Preference Bias of LLM Judges
Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-as-a-Judge has become a dominant approach in automated evaluation systems, playing critical roles in model alignment, leaderboard construction, quality control, and so on. However, the scalability and trustworthiness of this approach can be substantially distorted by Self-Preference Bias (SPB), which is a directional evaluative deviation in which LLMs systematically favor or disfavor their own generated outputs during evaluation. Existing measurements...
Nearly Everyone, Everywhere, Veers Left When Walking
Researchers are at a loss for why people across cultures and ages, regardless of their dominant hand, have a natural bias toward wandering in a counterclockwise direction.
Nearly Everyone, Everywhere, Veers Left When Walking
Researchers are at a loss for why people across cultures and ages, regardless of their dominant hand, have a natural bias toward wandering in a counterclockwise direction.
What Does Debiasing Really Remove? A Geometric Study of PCA-Based Gender Debiasing in Word Embeddings
Announce Type: new Abstract: Debiasing methods based on principal component analysis (PCA) are broadly used to reduce gender bias in word embeddings used in LLMs, yet it remains unclear what aspects of bias they actually remove and how destructive this process is. These methods are based on the understanding that bias resides in a low-dimensional subspace, with the assumption that most of it can be captured by a few principal components. In this work, we conduct a systematic geometric...
A Systematic Evaluation of Positional Bias in Multi-Video Summarization with MLLMs
arXiv:2606.04596v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used for video understanding, yet their reliability under multi-video inputs remains poorly understood. We study positional bias in multi-video summarization, where the quality of a per-video summary can change with the video's input slot even when the underlying content is unchanged. We construct a benchmark from ActivityNet and News videos, covering Cooking, Domestic, Leisure, and News...
BiSegMamba: Efficient Bidirectional Tri-Oriented Mamba for 3D Medical Image Segmentation
Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate 3D medical image segmentation requires both long-range volumetric context and fine boundary preservation. CNN-based methods have limited global dependency modeling, while Transformer-based models are often computationally expensive for dense 3D inputs. Recent Mamba-based methods provide an efficient alternative, but existing volumetric designs still depend on repeated high-resolution scanning, forward-only sequential modeling, and fixed directional...