Extracellular
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Related Articles from SNS
A nanoscale atlas of extracellular vesicles and particles in Drosophila olfactory sensilla
Extracellular particles, including non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as key contributors to sensory signaling, yet their ultrastructural organization within native tissues remains underexplored. Native tissues preserve extracellular particle organization and heterogeneity that are often lost during dissociation. Using cryofixation-based serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we generated a nanoscale atlas of NVEPs and EVs...
Extracellular salicylic acid activates immune signaling through cell-surface receptors
Salicylic acid (SA) is a central immune hormone that accumulates in both intracellular and extracellular compartments during pathogen infection. While intracellular SA signaling is well established, whether extracellular SA (eSA) directly activates immune responses remains unknown. Here we show that eSA functions as an extracellular signal potentially perceived by the plasma membrane-localized lectin receptor kinases LecRK-I.8 and LecRK-VI.2 in Arabidopsis.
Extracellular vesicles from Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): tailored isolation from hemolymph and insights into water-derived vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionarily conserved mediators of intercellular communication released by cells into biological fluids and the extracellular environment. Despite their growing relevance in biomedical and veterinary research, knowledge on EVs in marine bivalves remains limited. The aim of this study was to optimize tailored protocols for EV isolation from the hemolymph of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) based on density gradient ultracentrifugation (dgUC) or...
Coupled intracellular redox and extracellular respiration sensing for quantitative oxidative stress profiling
Abstract Quantitative assessment of cellular oxidative stress requires simultaneous measurement of intracellular redox state and extracellular respiratory activity, yet integrated sensing approaches remain limited. Here, we present a dual fluorescent sensing platform combining a genetically encoded redox biosensor (roGFP2-Tsa2{Delta}CR) with an optical oxygen sensor embedded in microwell plates for parallel, noninvasive quantification of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen...
Tumor extracellular vesicle RNA profiling predicts treatment response in pediatric diffuse midline glioma
Detection of reliable markers of therapy response and drug resistance remains a major unmet need in brain cancer, as serial tumor biopsy is often not feasible. This challenge is particularly acute in diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a fatal pediatric brain tumor for which new targeted therapies are entering clinical use, yet tools for real-time molecular analysis of tumor evolution during therapy remain lacking. Here, we demonstrate that plasma tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) profiling...
Feedback Control of a Recirculating Bioreactor with Electrophoretic Removal of Inhibitory Extracellular DNA
arXiv:2603.23150v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Extracellular DNA accumulation in recirculating bioprocesses inhibits microbial growth and reduces productivity. We consider a continuous bioreactor with a recirculating loop and an electrophoretic filtration unit for selective DNA removal, and develop a feedback control framework combining online state and parameter estimation via an Unscented Kalman Filter with an adaptive Model Predictive Controller that jointly optimizes dilution rate...
Stable Vesicle-Associated BDNF from Embryonic and Young Cortical Extracellular Vesicles
In this work we show that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from embryonic mouse cortex or from cultured embryonic cortical neurons contain high levels of BDNF and sustain TrkB-dependent neuroprotective signaling. By contrast, sEVs from aged cortex are depleted of BDNF, and cells lacking active TrkB fail to mount a protective response when exposed to the same sEVs. Biochemical fractionation and trypsin sensitivity assay indicate that BDNF is a constitutive EV component and is exposed on or...
Recipient cell identity governs intracellular transport and membrane interactions of extracellular vesicles across species
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a natural communication system, enabling transfer of biomolecules between cells. Although EVs are produced by nearly all cell types and have shown promise as therapeutic agents, our understanding of how EVs from different cellular origins recognize recipient cells, are taken up, and processed intracellularly remains limited. In particular, it remains unclear whether intracellular EV behavior is primarily governed by EV-intrinsic properties or by the...
Kindlin-1 loss disrupts vascular and extracellular matrix organisation to sustain hypoxia in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Kindlin-1, encoded by FERMT1, is an essential integrin co-activator that regulates cell extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, tissue architecture, and microenvironment signalling. Loss-of-function mutations in FERMT1 cause Kindler epidermolysis bullosa, which is strongly associated with aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Although Kindlin-1 deficiency promotes hypoxia and invasion, the impacts on ECM-vascular organisation and oxygen homeostasis are not known.
Extracellular NAD(P) activates systemic acquired resistance through LecRK-VI.2-mediated phosphorylation of NPR1
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting, broad-spectrum immune response induced in distal tissues by signals generated at primary infection sites. Although numerous mobile immune signals have been implicated in SAR, how these signals are perceived and mechanistically coupled to transcriptional reprogramming in systemic tissues remains poorly understood. functions as a key integrative SAR signal that activates immunity through the plasma membrane-localized lectin receptor kinase...