Fair Distribution
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Fair Distribution of Digital Payments: Balancing Transaction Flows for Regulatory Compliance
Announce Type: replace Abstract: The concentration of digital payment transactions in just two UPI apps like PhonePe and Google Pay has raised concerns of duopoly in India s digital financial ecosystem. To address this, the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has mandated that no single UPI app should exceed 30 percent of total transaction volume. Enforcing this cap, however, poses a significant computational challenge: how to redistribute user transactions across apps without...
Fair Finetuning Mitigates Distribution Inference Attacks
arXiv:2606.01719v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine learning models trained on sensitive data can inadvertently leak population-level information about their training distributions -- a threat known as distribution inference attack (DIA). An adversary with black-box access can infer sensitive demographic properties, such as subgroup proportions, without observing any training data directly. While defenses such as differential privacy and property unlearning have been proposed, the link...
Exploring cooperation mechanisms via reinforcement learning in network common-pool resource games
arXiv:2606.05867v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sustaining cooperation in resource-constrained populations requires allocation mechanisms that balance individual incentives, resource sustainability, and distributional fairness. This paper proposes a network common-pool resource game in which individuals are embedded in complex networks, participate in multiple overlapping local resource pools, and face endogenous resource constraints during strategy evolution. Within this framework, we first...
Exploring cooperation mechanisms via reinforcement learning in network common-pool resource games
arXiv:2606.05867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sustaining cooperation in resource-constrained populations requires allocation mechanisms that balance individual incentives, resource sustainability, and distributional fairness. This paper proposes a network common-pool resource game in which individuals are embedded in complex networks, participate in multiple overlapping local resource pools, and face endogenous resource constraints during strategy evolution. Within this framework, we...
On the Robustness of Langevin Dynamics to Score Function Error
Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider the robustness of score-based generative modeling to errors in the estimate of the score function. In particular, we show that Langevin dynamics is not robust to the $L^2$ errors (more generally $L^p$ errors) in the estimate of the score function. It is well-established that with small $L^2$ errors in the estimate of the score function, diffusion models can sample faithfully from the target distribution under fairly mild regularity assumptions in...
COFT: Counterfactual-Conformal Decoding for Fair Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can reveal and amplify societal biases during chain-of-thought (CoT) generation. We present COFT (Chain of Fair Thought), a training-free decoding method that applies token-level fairness control at decode time, with distribution-free marginal validity guarantees (under exchangeability) for any frozen causal language model. COFT operates in three stages.
Beyond Procedure: Substantive Fairness in Conformal Prediction
arXiv:2602.16794v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conformal prediction (CP) offers distribution-free uncertainty quantification for machine learning models, yet its interplay with fairness in downstream decision-making remains underexplored. Moving beyond CP as a standalone operation (procedural fairness), we analyze the holistic decision-making pipeline to evaluate substantive fairness-the equity of downstream outcomes. Theoretically, we derive an upper bound that decomposes...
The Blue-State Delusion Over Unions
What are public-sector unions for, exactly? What problem are they supposed to solve? That’s the question I found myself asking earlier this month, when the best-paid railroad workers in America went on strike for three days.To be clear, I get what the unions understand their purpose to be.
Corals have a hormonal clock and it looks surprisingly like ours
Corals have a hormonal clock and it looks surprisingly like ours Gaby Clark Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor A three-year study has cracked open the hidden biology behind coral reproduction, revealing hormone cycles that echo those of humans and other animals, and a new way to detect reef distress before it's too late. Once a year, on cue, corals across a reef release their eggs and sperm into the sea simultaneously. Coral reproduction is one of nature's most spectacular events.
Scalable Ride-Sourcing Vehicle Rebalancing with Service Accessibility Guarantee: A Constrained Mean-Field Reinforcement Learning Approach
arXiv:2503.24183v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The expansion of ride-sourcing services such as Uber and Lyft has reshaped urban transportation by offering flexible, on-demand mobility via mobile applications. Despite convenience, these platforms confront significant operational challenges, particularly vehicle rebalancing-strategic repositioning of a fleet of vehicles to address spatiotemporal mismatches in supply and demand. Inadequate rebalancing results in prolonged rider waiting...