ISG
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A novel tumor-targeted interferon-α/-β receptor 1 antagonist increases replication of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus in a mouse mesothelioma model
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) are cytokines with pleiotropic activities involved in antiviral and antitumor immune responses. They can reduce oncolytic virus replication in tumor cells by inducing expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) with antiviral functions. To specifically neutralize the IFN-/-{beta} receptor (IFNAR) on specific cell types, we created novel IFNAR1-targeted antagonists constituted of a high-affinity nanobody targeting a specific cell surface marker conjugated to a...
Tracing the Evolutionary Origin of Interferon to Basal Chordates and Unveiling Its Antiviral Functionality in Jawless Vertebrates
Interferons (IFNs) are essential mediators of antiviral defense in vertebrates, having gradually replaced the RNA interference (RNAi) antiviral mechanism that predominates in invertebrates and plants. To date, IFNs have been identified exclusively in jawed vertebrates, leaving the origin of IFN-based antiviral mechanisms largely mysterious. In this study, by conducting a genome-wide screening of IFN homologs accross various species, we successfully identified seveal IFN homologs from agnatha...
Lifesaving prison fire safety work won’t be complete until early 2030s, inquiry told
Lifesaving prison fire safety work won’t be complete until early 2030s, inquiry told Prison chiefs admitted 19,000 prisoners are still held in cells which do not meet legal fire safety standards - Bookmark Vital measures to improve prison fire safety will not be completed until the early 2030s, an inquiry has been told, after the government U-turned on a pledge over the lifesaving changes. Ministers had promised to install automatic fire detectors (AFDs) in all cells in England and Wales by...