Large Language Model
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Related Articles from SNS
COFT: Counterfactual-Conformal Decoding for Fair Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can reveal and amplify societal biases during chain-of-thought (CoT) generation. We present COFT (Chain of Fair Thought), a training-free decoding method that applies token-level fairness control at decode time, with distribution-free marginal validity guarantees (under exchangeability) for any frozen causal language model. COFT operates in three stages.
Latent Performance Profiling of Large Language Models
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) frequently achieve impressive scores on standardized benchmarks, yet accuracy alone offers a limited view of their capabilities. Evaluating open-source LLMs through leaderboards faces persistent issues like data contamination, narrow task scope, and weak alignment with real-world reliability. Benchmark-based evaluations such as MMLU PRO, BBH, or IFEval primarily capture what a model outputs on fixed test sets, not how it processes...
Learning Geometric Representations from Videos for Spatial Intelligent Multimodal Large Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at 2D semantic understanding but lack intrinsic 3D awareness, resulting in representations that fail to maintain geometric and spatial consistency across video frames. Given the scarcity of large-scale 3D data, we present GeoVR, a novel framework that learns geometric representations using purely 2D video sequences. This approach effectively restructures the semantic latent space within MLLMs to unlock spatial...
Representation Collapse in Sequential Post-Training of Large Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are now adapted through chains of post-training stages rather than through a single instruction-tuning pass. This paper studies whether such sequential post-training gradually compresses internal representations into low-rank, anisotropic, and homogeneous feature spaces. We define a measurement suite for hidden states, logits, token trajectories, and LoRA updates, and we use it to analyze supervised fine-tuning, preference optimization,...
FIRM: Federated In-client Regularized Multi-objective Alignment for Large Language Models
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values often involves balancing multiple, conflicting objectives such as helpfulness and harmlessness. Training these models is computationally intensive, and centralizing the process raises significant data privacy concerns. Federated Learning (FL) offers a compelling alternative, but existing Federated Multi-Objective Optimization (FMOO) methods face severe communication bottlenecks as their reliance on...
From Hazard Functions to Language Space: Cox-Supervised Distillation of Survival Risk into a Large Language Model
new Abstract: We investigate whether information about time-to-event risk estimated by a Cox proportional hazards model can be transferred into a generative large language model. We propose a text-based survival modelling pipeline in which structured clinical covariates are converted into text prompts and a Qwen-based large language model is fine-tuned to generate patient-specific survival risk using Cox model predictions as a training target. Across GBSG2, ACTG320, and WHAS500, the model...
ClinicalMC: A Benchmark for Multi-Course Clinical Decision-Making with Large Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in healthcare, yet they still encounter significant challenges in complex clinical decision-making scenarios. Existing benchmarks primarily assess LLM performance in single-course settings and lack systematic evaluation in multi-course scenarios, where a patient's condition evolves over time.
Empirical Characterization of Inference-Time Elicited Probability Transformations in Large Language Models
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models increasingly rely on inference-time procedures such as chain-of-thought reasoning, self-refinement, retrieval augmentation, and verifier-guided revision, yet the structure of elicited probability transformations under these procedures remains poorly understood. We study externally elicited probability assignments over candidate answers and observe recurring approximate log-ratio relationships: \[ \log \tilde q_t(i) = \alpha_t \left( \log...
Patcher: Post-Hoc Patching of Backdoored Large Language Models
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models remain vulnerable to jailbreak backdoor attacks, where adversaries poison safety alignment data to embed hidden triggers that bypass safety mechanisms. Existing defenses often require comprehensive attack information or multiple triggered examples, making them impractical when defenders only observe a single reported failure case without knowing whether it stems from a backdoor attack or a natural alignment bug. This paper presents Patcher,...
Target-Side Paraphrase Augmentation for Sign Language Translation with Large Language Models
arXiv:2605.31393v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sign language translation (SLT) remains constrained by limited paired sign-video/text corpora and heavy-tailed target vocabularies. We study target-side augmentation in which GPT-4o generates controlled paraphrase variants of reference sentences while the sign input remains unchanged. A Signformer-style pose-based Transformer is trained under a two-stage schedule: pre-training on the augmented corpus followed by fine-tuning on the original...