Meiotic
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Related Articles from SNS
Explaining the rapid evolution of mammalian meiotic recombination proteins
Meiotic recombination, the exchange of genetic material between parental chromosomes during gamete production, is critical for fertility, genome stability, and evolutionary adaptation. In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination is carried out by a deeply conserved molecular machinery. Despite this conservation, the sequences of proteins involved in meiotic recombination evolve at a remarkably high rate in mammalian species.
Digital Chromosome Banding Reveals Distinct Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Sexual Dimorphism in Meiotic Silencing
In mammals, meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC) is initiated by the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as marked by {gamma}H2AX. During normal male meiosis, MSUC is restricted to the unsynapsed sex chromosomes, a process known as meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). While the initiation of MSCI has been well studied, its full silencing dynamics and underlying structural mechanisms remain unclear.
Genetic control of mitotic-to-meiotic transition regulates germline cell survival
The coordination between DNA damage repair and cell cycle progression is essential to ensure cell survival and organ homeostasis. This is particularly critical during gametogenesis, where germline cells first proliferate and then transition from mitosis to meiosis. Meiotic cells frequently undergo recombination, which itself implies the generation of severe DNA damage in the form of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) that ought to be repaired to preserve genome integrity.
SIRT7 regulates dosage compensation and safeguards the female X chromosome
Abstract Sirtuins are deacetylases implicated in stress responses and longevity in mammals1,2. Although their differential impact on disease for the two sexes has been noted3,4,5,6,7, the underlying reasons are unclear. Here, using Sirt7 as a model in mice, we examine the mechanisms leading to sex differences and find that Sirt7−/− female mice have decreased fitness throughout their lifespan.
Genomic hallmarks of parasexual reproduction in three hybrid groups of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Hybridization is a major driver of fungal evolution, yet knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning hybridization and its genomic impact remain limited. Here, we analyse 197 Cryptococcus neoformans genomic sequences, including 13 newly sequenced strains, identifying three genetically clustered and distinct hybrid groups (H1, H2 and H3) each with unique parental origins and ecological associations. Using phylogenomics, population structure analyses, and long-read genome assemblies, we...
Characterization of Human Ectocentromeric Sites.
Centromeres are composed of DNA repeats within chromosomes primary constriction. CENP-B is the only centromeric protein known to bind a specific motif, the CENP-B box, promoting kinetochore stability. We recently uncovered degenerate CENP-B binding motifs outside centromeres, whose position and orientation defines chromosome specific banding patterns.