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A Post-Quantum Future for Let's Encrypt
Let’s Encrypt is committed to a post-quantum-safe Web PKI. The path we’re planning to take is Merkle Tree Certificates (“MTCs”), a new approach that adds post-quantum authentication to the web without sacrificing the speed and reliability that have made TLS universal. This post is about these plans and why we believe MTCs are worth pursuing as a key to a post-quantum future.
LPOR: A Layered Proof of Reserves Framework for Usable and Publicly Auditable Solvency Verification
arXiv:2606.08211v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Proof of Reserves (PoR) enables centralized crypto exchanges to demonstrate that on-chain reserves are sufficient to cover customer liabilities. However, existing approaches, including Merkle-tree-based proofs and zero-knowledge PoR systems, remain difficult for everyday users to verify in practice, resulting in limited participation and weakened transparency. We introduce LPOR, a layered, usability-focused PoR framework that separates...
Zero knowledge verification for frontier AI training is possible
arXiv:2606.05433v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Frontier AI governance frameworks increasingly use cumulative training compute as the primary criterion for designating high-impact models, but enforcement rests on self-reporting because no technical verification primitive for training exists. Any future international agreement on frontier AI faces the same problem at higher stakes: coordinated regulation of technologies with significant externalities has historically rested on technical...
Notarized Agents: Receiver-Attested Confidential Receipts for AI Agent Actions
arXiv:2606.04193v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current AI agent observability is structurally compromised: the entity producing the activity log is the same entity whose activity is being logged. A compromised or buggy agent can omit, alter, or fabricate its own traces, and the operator running the agent has no independent way to detect tampering. We propose a class of protocols that resolves this by inverting the trust boundary: the service that receives an agent's call signs a receipt of...
BADGER: Bridging Agentic and Deterministic Evaluation for Generative Enterprise Reasoning
arXiv:2606.02109v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enterprise AI systems that translate natural language into SQL queries and orchestrate multi-step agentic reasoning pipelines require evaluation approaches fundamentally different from academic benchmarks. Spider and BIRD established execution-accuracy protocols; G-Eval and RAGAS advanced LLM-based assessment; and recent work such as Spider 2.0, BEAVER, and BIRD-Interact has begun to address enterprise and agentic dimensions. No single...
Parent-Hash DAG: A Cost Analysis of Constant-Time Append for On-Chain Registries
Announce Type: new Abstract: Provenance trees are append-only directed acyclic graphs of artifact registrations anchored on a public blockchain, recently introduced as the data substrate of operator-gated provenance infrastructure. Their defining data-structural pattern is a parent-hash directed acyclic graph (PHDAG), in which each append performs a constant number of storage writes to previously-untouched slots. This pattern has not previously been isolated as a standalone primitive,...
TAO: Tolerance-Aware Optimistic Verification for Floating-Point Neural Networks
arXiv:2510.16028v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural networks increasingly run on hardware outside the user's control (cloud GPUs, inference marketplaces). Yet ML-as-a-Service reveals little about what actually ran or whether returned outputs faithfully reflect the intended inputs. Users lack recourse against service downgrades (model swaps, quantization, graph rewrites, or discrepancies like altered ad embeddings).