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Random Erasing vs. Model Inversion: A Promising Defense or a False Hope?

arXiv:2409.01062v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Model Inversion (MI) attacks pose a significant privacy threat by reconstructing private training data from machine learning models. While existing defenses primarily concentrate on model-centric approaches, the impact of data on MI robustness remains largely unexplored. In this work, we explore Random Erasing (RE), a technique traditionally used for improving model generalization under occlusion, and uncover its surprising effectiveness as...

arXiv CS 8d ago

PRISM: Position-encoded Regressive Inverse Spectral Model for Multilayer Thin-Film Design

arXiv:2605.26502v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The inverse problem of multilayer thin-film optical coatings design represents a complex combinatorial-continuous optimization challenge. We present PRISM (Position-encoded Regressive Inverse Spectral Model), a unified decoder-only autoregressive transformer that streamlines this process by jointly predicting discrete material selection and continuous thickness regression within a single backbone. PRISM introduces two primary architectural...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Physics-Encoded Inverse Modeling for Arctic Snow Depth Prediction

arXiv:2601.17074v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate estimation in time-varying inverse problems under limited and sparse observations remains a fundamental challenge across scientific domains. For example, snow depth estimation requires inferring hidden parameters governing sea ice physics, which can be incorporated through physics-informed encoding. To address this challenge, we introduce Physics-Encoded Inversion (PhysE-Inv), a novel framework that combines deep sequential...

arXiv CS 8d ago

PRISM: Position-encoded Regressive Inverse Spectral Model for Multilayer Thin-Film Design

arXiv:2605.26502v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The inverse problem of multilayer thin-film optical coatings design represents a complex combinatorial-continuous optimization challenge. We present PRISM (Position-encoded Regressive Inverse Spectral Model), a unified decoder-only autoregressive transformer that streamlines this process by jointly predicting discrete material selection and continuous thickness regression within a single backbone. PRISM introduces two primary...

arXiv Physics 9d ago

Causal Multi-fidelity Surrogate Forward and Inverse Models for ICF Implosions

arXiv:2509.05510v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Continued progress in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) requires solving inverse problems relating experimental observations to simulation input parameters, followed by design optimization. However, such high-dimensional dynamic PDE-constrained optimization problems are extremely challenging or even intractable. It has been recently shown that inverse problems can be solved by only considering certain robust features.

arXiv Physics 6d ago

Causal Multi-fidelity Surrogate Forward and Inverse Models for ICF Implosions

arXiv:2509.05510v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Continued progress in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) requires solving inverse problems relating experimental observations to simulation input parameters, followed by design optimization. However, such high-dimensional dynamic PDE-constrained optimization problems are extremely challenging or even intractable. It has been recently shown that inverse problems can be solved by only considering certain robust features.

arXiv CS 6d ago

Learning To Sample From Diffusion Models Via Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models generate samples through an iterative denoising process guided by a pretrained neural network. Once the denoiser is fixed, the sampling algorithm itself (noise schedules, guidance scales, stochasticity profiles) still requires careful tuning, a process typically carried out through costly empirical grid search. In this work, we introduce an inverse reinforcement learning framework for learning sampling strategies without retraining the denoiser.

arXiv CS 8d ago

Can VLMs Predict Future States? Bootstrapping World Models from Inverse Dynamics

arXiv:2506.06006v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Can unified vision-language models (VLMs) perform forward dynamics prediction (FDP), i.e., predicting the future state (in image form) given the previous observation and an action (in language form)? We find that VLMs struggle to generate physically plausible transitions between frames from instructions. Nevertheless, we identify a crucial asymmetry in multimodal grounding: fine-tuning a VLM to learn inverse dynamics prediction...

arXiv CS 6d ago

Preconditioned One-Step Generative Modeling for Bayesian Inverse Problems in Function Spaces

arXiv:2603.14798v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose a machine-learning algorithm for Bayesian inverse problems in the function-space regime. Based on one-step generative transport, the method learns an amortized neural operator whose pushforward of a Gaussian source approximates the posterior distribution conditioned on each new observation. We show that white-noise sources are incompatible with the function-space limit, and therefore adopt a prior-aligned GRF as the source.

arXiv CS 8d ago

Solving Inverse Problems with Flow-based Models via Model Predictive Control

arXiv:2601.23231v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Flow-based generative models provide strong unconditional priors for inverse problems, but guiding their dynamics for conditional generation remains challenging. Recent work casts training-free conditional generation in flow models as an optimal control problem; however, solving the resulting trajectory optimisation is computationally and memory intensive, requiring differentiation through the flow dynamics or adjoint solves. We...

arXiv CS 1d ago