Modern AI Systems
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Who Gets Credit or Blame? Attributing Accountability in Modern AI Systems
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern AI systems are typically developed through multiple stages-pretraining, fine-tuning rounds, and subsequent adaptation or alignment, where each stage builds on the previous ones and updates the model in distinct ways. This raises a critical question of accountability: when a deployed model succeeds or fails, which stage is responsible, and to what extent? We pose the accountability attribution problem for tracing model behavior back to specific stages...
STABLEVAL: Disagreement-Aware and Stable Evaluation of AI Systems
arXiv:2605.02122v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Human evaluation remains the primary standard for assessing modern AI systems, yet annotator disagreement, bias, and variability make system rankings fragile under standard majority vote aggregation. Majority vote discards annotator reliability and item-level ambiguity, often yielding unstable comparisons across annotator subsets. We introduce STABLEVAL, a disagreement-aware evaluation framework that models latent item correctness and...
Characterization of Multi-Model Agentic AI Systems on General Tasks via Trace-Driven Simulation
new Abstract: Agentic AI completes tasks through iterative planning, tool use, and reasoning based on observed outcomes. Despite its popularity, its system-level behavior remains poorly understood, particularly for complex datasets and agent architectures-owing to highly non-deterministic execution, prohibitive evaluation costs, and limited visibility into proprietary models. This paper presents GAIATrace, the first token-level trace dataset of two state-of-the-art agentic systems...
Architectural Evolution and Selection Framework for Database Systems in AI-Ready Data Platforms
arXiv:2606.08317v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rise of polyglot data management and AI-ready database architectures has created a complex design space across diverse database paradigms. However, architecture selection in modern enterprise environments continues to rely heavily on ad-hoc engineering intuition, with limited systematic frameworks to guide decision-making across heterogeneous database systems.
LLM-Guided ANN Index Optimization for Human-Object Interaction Retrieval
Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval systems underpin modern AI applications -- spanning visual search, recommendation engines, and multi-modal question answering. Modern multi-stage retrieval systems require the joint optimization of highly coupled parameters, yet traditional hyperparameter optimization (HPO) methods -- including Tree-structured Parzen Estimators (TPE) and Gaussian Process Bayesian Optimization -- rely on an independence assumption that fundamentally prevents them from...
Can Local Learning Match Self-Supervised Backpropagation?
arXiv:2601.21683v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While end-to-end self-supervised learning with backpropagation (global BP-SSL) has become central for training modern AI systems, theories of local self-supervised learning (local-SSL) have struggled to build functional representations in deep neural networks. To establish a link between global and local rules, we first develop a theory for deep linear networks: we identify conditions for local-SSL algorithms (like Forward-forward or CLAPP)...
Towards Automated Kernel Generation in the Era of LLMs
Announce Type: replace Abstract: The performance of modern AI systems is fundamentally constrained by the quality of their underlying GPU kernels, which translate high-level algorithmic semantics into low-level hardware operations. Achieving near-optimal kernels requires expert-level understanding of hardware architectures and programming models, making kernel engineering a critical but notoriously time-consuming and non-scalable process. Recent advances in large language models and...
Differentially Private Datastore Generation for Retrieval-Augmented Inference
arXiv:2606.01413v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: It is crucial for modern on-device AI systems that rely on retrieval-augmented inference to release and share datastores without compromising individual privacy. This can be achieved using Differential Privacy (DP), which provides a formal guarantee that ensures individual contributions remain indistinguishable, even under adversarial analysis.
Operation Sindoor 2.0: How the army is preparing for the next battle
India's Army is undergoing a significant transformation post-Operation Sindoor, shifting towards preemptive, technology-driven deterrence. New formations like Rudra Brigades and Bhairav battalions, alongside integrated drone units, are enhancing combat readiness. This modernization focuses on unmanned systems, AI, and rapid response, reflecting a decisive move from manpower-heavy tactics to a high-tech, multi-domain force.
A-Live: Passive Liveness Detection via Neuromuscular Micro-Motion Signatures on Commodity Sensors
arXiv:2606.05126v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Liveness detection has evolved from a safeguard against presentation and replay attacks in biometric authentication to a broader requirement for distinguishing human users from non-human agents in modern digital systems. The emergence of generative and agentic AI further amplifies this need, positioning liveness as a fundamental security primitive. Existing approaches face key limitations, including reliance on explicit user interaction,...