Molecular Biology
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Koala population crash came before humans, genomic study reveals
Koala population crash came before humans, genomic study reveals Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor A genomic study has reshaped our understanding of the evolutionary history of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), revealing the iconic Australian marsupial experienced a severe population decline around 100,000 years ago, before the arrival of humans on the continent. All modern koalas descended from a single ancestral population that survived major climate...
Correlative X-ray imaging and fluorescence microscopy
Imaging the structural organization inside cells in their native state is essential for understanding how the arrangement and interactions among molecular components give rise to biological function. Fluorescence microscopy is one of the pivotal techniques that provides molecular specificity for imaging in real space, however, the technique is limited to labeled components. X-rays, on the contrary, are sensitive to electron density contrast and therefore to label-free samples, and probe...
Evidence for a Functional Proximity Law in Multilayer Networks
arXiv:2604.23639v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Hub importance scores in multilayer networks persist more strongly between functionally similar layers than dissimilar ones. We call this the Functional Proximity Law and test it across 31 pre-registered experiments: 13 canonical domains (10 confirmed, 3 denied; molecular biology, neuroscience, computer systems, ecology, linguistics, AI architecture) plus 18 pre-registered external and replication validations (15 confirmed, 1 denied, 2...
A functional amyloid scaffold shapes insect egg coats
Functional amyloids serve as structural scaffolds across biology, yet the molecular architecture and assembly principles of many remain unresolved. The lepidopteran egg coat, or chorion, presents a striking example: hundreds of paralogous proteins sharing a conserved central domain assemble into a mechanically resilient amyloid matrix essential for embryo protection. Here, combining evolutionary analysis of more than 500 sequences with cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical assays, we...
Some drugs 'fail' because of unrealistic testing conditions, scientists discover
Some drugs 'fail' because of unrealistic testing conditions, scientists discover Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor A drug once dismissed as ineffective suddenly worked—when scientists tested it under more realistic conditions that mimic the human body. In this surprising new discovery, Northwestern University scientists uncovered a hidden rule of drug behavior. A medicine's effectiveness can change dramatically depending on the conditions inside our cells.
Continuous stirring made early life-like RNA systems more extinction-prone, experiment shows
Continuous stirring made early life-like RNA systems more extinction-prone, experiment shows Andrew Zinin Lead Editor Recent research showed that an artificially constructed self-replicating RNA system modeling primitive life at the origin of life evolved to become more prone to extinction under certain experimental conditions. Modern life is a complex assembly of numerous molecules with diverse functions. However, it is believed that when life first emerged in ancient times, simple...
SciCore-Omics: a tri-modal foundation model unifying histology, spatial transcriptomics and language for spatial biology
Histomorphology and spatial transcriptomics capture complementary aspects of tissue biology, but their relationships remain difficult to extract, align, and interpret at scale. Existing foundation models typically connect histology, omics, or language only pairwise, which limits their capacity to jointly infer molecular states, decode spatial tissue organization, and generate biologically grounded explanations. Here, we show SciCore-Omics, the first tri-modal foundation model linking...
Small-angle solution scattering: from fundamental theory to practical approximations
arXiv:2606.05007v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Small-angle scattering (SAS) is widely used in structural biology, soft matter, and colloidal science to probe molecular structures in solution. SAS rests on a single physical principle: wave interference from a distribution of scatterers, averaged over orientations. Yet the theoretical foundations of SAS are spread across the literature, often based on differing notation, definitions, and implicit assumptions.
Hyaluronic Acid Plays Differential Molecular Weight and Concentration Dependent Pathway Centric Changes to Human Lung Derived Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Culture
Background Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that regulates vascular integrity and immune signaling in the lung. Its biological effects are strongly size-dependent, with high-molecular-weight HA (HMW-HA) generally protective and low-molecular-weight HA (LMW-HA) pro-inflammatory. However, how different HA sizes and concentrations globally remodel endothelial cell signaling remains poorly understood.
Claude Fable 5
Claude Fable 5 and Claude Mythos 5 Today we’re launching Claude Fable 5: a Mythos-class1 model that we’ve made safe for general use. Fable 5’s capabilities exceed those of any model we’ve ever made generally available.