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DuetServe: Harmonizing Prefill and Decode for LLM Serving via Adaptive GPU Multiplexing

arXiv:2511.04791v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern LLM serving systems must sustain high throughput while meeting strict latency SLOs across two distinct inference phases: compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases. Existing approaches either (1) aggregate both phases on shared GPUs, leading to interference between prefill and decode phases, which degrades Time-Between-Tokens (TBT); or (2) disaggregate the two phases across GPUs, improving latency but wasting resources...

arXiv CS 8d ago

Large-Scale LLM Inference with Heterogeneous Workloads: Prefill-Decode Contention and Asymptotically Optimal Control

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM inference: a compute-intensive \emph{prefill} phase that processes user input, followed by a memory-bound \emph{decode} phase that generates output tokens. When these phases share GPU resources, prefill tasks throttle the...

arXiv CS 5d ago

Fairness-Aware and Latency-Controllable Scheduling for Chunked-Prefill LLM Serving

arXiv:2606.09061v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed with highly heterogeneous workloads, chunked-prefill execution has emerged as a mainstream serving architecture. Balancing scheduling fairness and latency stability in such environments is critical; otherwise, severe head-of-line blocking and request starvation will degrade user experience. However, existing systems rely on rigid First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) policies and static token...

arXiv CS 1d ago

FlexNPU: Transparent NPU Virtualization for Dynamic LLM Prefill-Decode Co-location

Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern AI serving increasingly relies on NPUs for conventional inference and large language model serving. However, current NPU deployments commonly expose physical devices directly to applications, which limits runtime control over scheduling and makes it difficult to adapt execution to phase-level workload behavior. This limitation is particularly evident in LLM serving, where the prefill phase is compute-intensive while the decode phase is often constrained by...

arXiv CS 6d ago

FlexNPU: Transparent NPU Virtualization for Dynamic LLM Prefill-Decode Co-location

arXiv:2606.04415v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern AI serving increasingly relies on NPUs for conventional inference and large language model serving. However, current NPU deployments commonly expose physical devices directly to applications, which limits runtime control over scheduling and makes it difficult to adapt execution to phase-level workload behavior. This limitation is particularly evident in LLM serving, where the prefill phase is compute-intensive while the decode phase...

arXiv CS 1d ago

SpectrumKV: Per-Token Mixed-Precision KV Cache Transfer for Prefill-Decode Disaggregated LLM Serving

Announce Type: new Abstract: Prefill-decode (PD) disaggregation decouples prompt processing from token generation, but it also turns the key-value (KV) cache into a network payload. Existing PD-side KV reduction methods are mostly binary: selected tokens are transmitted at full precision and the rest are not transmitted. This paper argues that binary selection leaves a useful design space unused.

arXiv CS 1d ago

SIFT: Selective-Index For Fast Compute of RAG Prefill by Exploiting Attention Invariance

arXiv:2606.09441v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) injects LLM queries with relevant documents to improve response quality. This injection increases prompt length and slows time to first token (TTFT). Unlike standard queries, RAG queries have a unique property of context reuse where the same documents recur across user queries.

arXiv CS 1d ago

Cartridges at Scale: Training Modular KV Caches over Large Document Collections

arXiv:2606.04557v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models can reason over long contexts, yet prefilling millions of tokens is wasteful as much of the content remains static across queries. Cartridges address this by distilling document collections into reusable key-value (KV) caches that eliminate prefilling while preserving accuracy. A critical limitation of this approach is that cartridges are monolithic and non-compositional: encoding an entire collection into a single KV...

arXiv CS 6d ago

Observation, Not Prediction: Conversation-Level Disaggregated Scheduling for Agentic Serving

arXiv:2606.01839v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based agents resolve a user task through many turns of dependent inference and tool calls, producing a workload whose total cost is unknown when the task arrives. Existing multi-turn systems keep the turn as the scheduling unit and decide, turn by turn, whether to disaggregate prefill from decode. That decision rests on the turn's decode length, tool behavior, and KV growth, quantities that are not observable when the scheduler must act,...

arXiv CS 8d ago

QCFuse: Query-Aware Cache Fusion via Compressed View for Efficient RAG Serving

Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model (LLM) answer quality by grounding generation in external evidence, but processing retrieved contexts makes the prefill stage a dominant serving cost. RAG cache fusion reduces this cost by reusing precomputed key-value (KV) caches for retrieved chunks and selectively recomputing tokens under the current prompt. Existing selectors, however, face a dilemma between quality and efficiency: fast...

arXiv CS 5d ago