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A Simple Hierarchical Causality Primer
arXiv:2606.01979v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We provide a brief primer for the idea behind formalising hierarchical causality in the context of complex systems. Here actors are not simply agents. Actors instantiate causation classes.
A Primer in Post-Training Reasoning Data: What We Know About How It Works
arXiv:2606.02113v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training has become a primary driver of recent progress in large reasoning models, and reasoning data are often the key variable determining whether this stage succeeds. Work on post-training reasoning data has grown rapidly, yet this literature remains scattered across dataset papers, reinforcement-learning recipes, reward-model studies, benchmarks, and frontier system reports. This paper is the first primer to synthesize over 150 key...
A Simple Hierarchical Causality Primer
Announce Type: replace Abstract: We provide a brief primer for the idea behind formalising hierarchical causality in the context of complex systems. Here actors are not simply agents. Actors instantiate causation classes.
Practical Aspects on Solving Differential Equations Using Deep Learning: A Primer
arXiv:2408.11266v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep learning is now common across many scientific fields, including the study of partial differential equations. This article provides a brief, accessible introduction to core deep learning concepts, including neural networks, backpropagation, and the universal approximation theorem. It mainly covers how to use deep learning in solving differential equations.
Multi-feature Classification to Improve Colorimetric Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Fidelity
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a cost-effective and portable assay technique for performing nucleic acid-based diagnostics in the field whose adoption is hindered by design and reproducibility issues. This is due to a complex primer design process that fine-tunes parameters across 6-8 binding regions. The likelihood of assay success depends on satisfying thermodynamic and secondary structure constraints while maintaining target specificity and avoiding overlaps between...
5 Minutes That Will Make You Love Charlie Parker
Bird helped usher in bebop and transformed the alto saxophone into an instrument of startling possibility. Here’s an 11-song primer on his enduring legacy.
De novo mutation of an RNA virus is increased in the presence of engineered synonymous mutations that disrupt RNA structural elements
Using a combination of methods including selective 2?-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq), a complete RNA structure map of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA 3 segment was mapped (Watters et al. (2018) Nucleic Acids Research 46, 2573?2584). To explore the effect of structural perturbations on genomic stability, infectious mutants were engineered to contain changes in one of four open reading frame (ORF) stem-loop (SL) structures SL1362, SL1439, SL1745 and...
eDNA metabarcoding evaluated for fish diversity assessment
eDNA metabarcoding evaluated for fish diversity assessment Gaby Clark Scientific Editor Andrew Zinin Lead Editor Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a powerful tool for monitoring aquatic biodiversity, enabling researchers to identify fish species from traces of DNA found in water without using invasive techniques on fish. Although this technique is gaining traction, it introduces certain biases and uncertainties at various stages, thereby affecting the production of...
Talking Shop with Paige DeSorbo of ‘Summer House’ and ‘Giggly Squad’
Talking Shop is our series where we talk to interesting people about their most interesting buys. I’m fairly certain that everyone who’s followed Paige DeSorbo for years had the same reaction when she launched Daphne, a loungewear line, in 2025: That makes perfect sense. It combined her impeccable fashion taste and her love for cozying up in bed (plus it gave a nod to her cat, the brand’s namesake) — all things she’s famous for.
A year after India broke Pak's offensive during Op Sindoor, Joint Air Defence Doctrine release
On the eve of his retirement, Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan unveiled the Joint Air Defence Doctrine, a step towards integrating the Army, Navy and Air Force into a seamless, multi-layered shield against aerial threats. The doctrine, released by Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff (IDS), is designed to strengthen operational preparedness and ensure synergy across the services in an era of drones, hypersonic weapons and saturation missile attacks. This is the 13th doctrine...