R&D Programmes
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Results of R&D Programmes and LP&CW EXFEL Cryomodule Tests in the Period from 2005 to 2023
arXiv:2606.00723v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In 2005 and 2006, we began to consider the feasibility of long-pulse (LP) and continuous-wave (CW) operation for the E-XFEL. The operation modes considered were assumed to be complementary to the short-pulse operation (SP), with ~1 ms RF pulses and a 10 Hz repetition rate, which at that time had already been chosen and presented in the TDR [1] of the E-XFEL facility.
A prognostic human brain network for diffuse midline glioma
Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are near-universally lethal tumours of the childhood central nervous system1,2. In animal models, DMGs form brain-wide integrated networks through neuron-to-glioma synapses3,4,5,6 and glioma-to-glioma gap junctional coupling3. This extensive connectivity robustly promotes the growth and invasion of DMG3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and other glial malignancies10,11,12 through paracrine mechanisms and direct neuron-to-glioma synapses.
A 5.3-million-year-old deep-sea whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone
Abstract Whale falls are biodiversity oases at seabeds1,2,3,4,5,6, yet their record from the oceans has remained sparse and fragmentary6,7. Here we report the discovery of a vast whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone (4,616- to 7,001-m depth), extending about 1,200 km along the sea floor of the southeastern Indian Ocean. This area has a deep and extensive accumulation comprising five modern natural whale-fall communities and 476 fossil cetaceans recorded.
Measurement of reactor neutrino oscillation with the first JUNO data
Abstract Neutrino oscillations (see refs. 1,2 and references therein), a quantum effect manifesting at macroscopic scales, are governed by lepton flavour mixing angles and neutrino mass-squared differences3 that are fundamental parameters of particle physics, representing phenomena beyond the Standard Model. Precision measurements of these parameters are essential for testing the completeness of the three-flavour framework, determining the mass ordering of neutrinos and probing possible new...
Ultrafast machine learning on FPGAs via Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks
Ultrafast machine learning on FPGAs via Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks This post is a high-level explainer for my Master’s thesis, which involves designing hardware architectures for ultrafast inference and online learning using the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) architecture. I’ll assume familiarity with standard machine learning concepts, as well as some understanding of hardware and digital circuits; read my previous post here for the latter. Please read the two papers below for more...
Amplified Arctic iceberg traffic reshapes benthic biodiversity
Abstract The Arctic is undergoing rapid warming, resulting in retreating sea ice and glaciers1, yet how cryospheric changes propagate into the deep ocean remains poorly understood2. Here we identify a climate-driven mechanism linking accelerating glacier disintegration to an increase in deep-sea hard-bottom habitats far beyond calving fronts. Seafloor observations in Fram Strait show a localized increase in the density and patchiness of dropstones delivered by debris-laden icebergs.
Whole-genome duplication shaped cell-type evolution in the vertebrate brain
Abstract The complex brains of vertebrates have more cell types than those of their closest relatives. Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) occurred during early vertebrate evolution1, but it is unclear whether the duplicated genes (ohnologues) facilitated cell-type evolution. Here using brain single-cell transcriptomes from five chordates—human2, mouse3, lizard4, lamprey5 and amphioxus—we report that many cell-type families with conserved core transcription factors in vertebrates do not show...
Applied Materials expands Singapore operations, plans 1,000 jobs amid AI chip demand
Applied Materials expands Singapore operations, plans 1,000 jobs amid AI chip demand The new roles are "good jobs" that will allow Singaporeans to work on frontier technologies and gain exposure to global operations, said Deputy Prime Minister Gan Kim Yong. Semiconductor equipment maker Applied Materials expects to create 1,000 new jobs in Singapore over the next few years as it expands its manufacturing and research operations to support a growing global demand for advanced chips driven by...
This sommelier can’t easily consume alcohol. So he created non-alcoholic beverages for fine dining
This sommelier can’t easily consume alcohol. So he created non-alcoholic beverages for fine dining South Korean sommelier Jaehyun Sim founded Havn to show that non-alcoholic drinks can be as complex and food-friendly as wine, using Korean herbs, teas and botanicals to build pairings for Michelin-starred restaurants. The moment Jaehyun Sim decided to become a sommelier was not the one you might expect.
US Congress moves to deepen military ties with Israel: Why it matters
US Congress moves to deepen military ties with Israel: Why it matters Analysts say the plan would weave Israeli military interests more deeply into the fabric of US national security policy. Lawmakers in the United States are quietly advancing a proposal that could deepen military ties between the US and Israel in unprecedented ways, at a time when public support for Israel among Americans is increasingly fractured. Among the provisions included in the 2027 National Defence Authorisation Act...