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Study reveals north–south differences in water isotopes across North America during the last deglaciation
Study reveals north–south differences in water isotopes across North America during the last deglaciation Stephanie Baum Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor The last deglaciation (between 11,000 and 20,000 years ago) was a period of dramatic natural warming on Earth. During this time, North America experienced the most extensive ice-sheet melting on the planet, which profoundly reshaped its climate and water cycle. But when scientists look at oxygen isotopes in stalagmites—a key...
Whole-genome duplication shaped cell-type evolution in the vertebrate brain
Abstract The complex brains of vertebrates have more cell types than those of their closest relatives. Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) occurred during early vertebrate evolution1, but it is unclear whether the duplicated genes (ohnologues) facilitated cell-type evolution. Here using brain single-cell transcriptomes from five chordates—human2, mouse3, lizard4, lamprey5 and amphioxus—we report that many cell-type families with conserved core transcription factors in vertebrates do not show...
Show HN: Nucleus – A security-hardened, Nix-native container runtime
Extremely lightweight, security-hardened, declarative container runtime for agents and production services Nucleus is a minimalist container runtime for Linux. It provides isolated execution environments using Linux kernel primitives without the overhead of traditional container runtimes. For production services, it is designed around a fully declarative model: Nix builds the root filesystem, the NixOS module declares the service, and Nucleus mounts a pinned, reproducible closure at runtime.
Cross-modal linkage risk in clinical vision-language models
arXiv:2606.02276v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) trained on paired chest radiographs and radiology reports learn a shared embedding space that can preserve instance-level image-report correspondence. This poses a privacy risk in settings where radiographs and reports are deliberately kept separate after acquisition, such as image-only data sharing or access-controlled reports, because a de-identified image may be re-linked to its original narrative report through...
GuardNet: Ensemble Strategies of Shallow Neural Networks for Robust Prompt Injection and Jailbreak Detection
arXiv:2606.05566v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, but they remain vulnerable to Prompt Injection (PI) and Jailbreak (JB) attacks. In addition, benchmark evaluations may be affected by contamination and partial information leakage, compromising performance estimates.
Nuclear Charge Radii of Sr Isotopes: Reevaluation based on Transition Frequency Measurements in the $5s-5p-4d$ manifold in Sr$^+$
arXiv:2605.04281v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: High-precision quasi-simultaneous collinear/anticollinear laser spectroscopy was performed to measure the $5s$ $^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5p$ $^2P_{1/2}$ (D1), the $5s$ $^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5p$ $^2P_{3/2}$ (D2), and the three $4d\rightarrow 5p$ transitions in naturally abundant Sr$^+$ isotopes. For absolute transition frequencies, an accuracy of up to 600 kHz was achieved, while common-mode rejection allowed us to extract isotope shifts with...
Evaluating Factual Density in Multi-Source RAG: A Study in Medical AI Accuracy
arXiv:2605.31506v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is the current industry standard for grounding AI in real-world facts. Traditional retrieval methods rely on keyword matching and topic proximity, ranking content based on how closely it sounds like the user's query. What they do not measure is how many verified facts the content actually contains.
The Cross-Architecture Substrate: A Domain-Transcendent, Calibration-Surviving Geometric Invariant of Modern Vision Encoders
arXiv:2606.07882v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Different vision neural networks -- trained to classify, contrast, reconstruct, or match images to text -- should have correspondingly different internal representations. We report that they do not.
Context Over Compute Human-in-the-Loop Outperforms Iterative Chain-of-Thought Prompting in Interview Answer Quality
Announce Type: replace Abstract: Behavioral interview evaluation using large language models presents unique challenges that require structured assessment, realistic interviewer behavior simulation, and pedagogical value for candidate training. We investigate chain of thought prompting for interview answer evaluation and improvement through two controlled experiments with 50 behavioral interview question and answer pairs. Our contributions are threefold.
Gene ancestries reveal diverse microbial associations during eukaryogenesis
Abstract The origin of eukaryotes remains a central enigma in biology1. Continuing debates agree on the pivotal role of a symbiosis between an alphaproteobacterium and an Asgard archaeon2,3. However, the nature, timing and contributions of other potential bacterial partners4,5,6 and the role of interactions with viruses7,8,9 remain contentious.