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Generalistic or Specific Embeddings, Which is Better? An Empirical Study on Search for Clinical Coding in Non-English Languages
arXiv:2605.30529v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sentence-embedding models for semantic search are overwhelmingly developed and evaluated on English corpora. When applied to clinical retrieval in other languages -- particularly retrieval of ICD-10-CM / CIE-10 codes -- recall degrades in ways often masked by aggregate benchmarks. We study whether large generative language models can serve as data factories to close this gap.
Learning When to Translate for Multilingual Reasoning
arXiv:2606.02465v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning language models (RLMs) achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, but still exhibit substantial multilingual reasoning gaps, largely due to language-understanding failures in non-English inputs. English translation can mitigate these failures by expressing non-English inputs in a form that RLMs can more reliably interpret, yet translating every input is unnecessary when the model can reason reliably from the original...
HakushoBench: A Japanese Chart and Table VQA Benchmark from Governmental White Papers
arXiv:2606.01132v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding chart and table images is essential for applying vision-language models (VLMs) to real-world document understanding. While English benchmarks have advanced rapidly, non-English counterparts remain scarce, leaving it unclear whether this progress generalizes across languages.
EMCEE: Improving Multilingual Capability of LLMs via Bridging Knowledge and Reasoning with Extracted Synthetic Multilingual Context
arXiv:2503.05846v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress across a wide range of tasks, yet their heavy reliance on English-centric training data leads to significant performance degradation in non-English languages. While existing multilingual prompting methods emphasize reformulating queries into English or enhancing reasoning capabilities, they often fail to incorporate the language- and culture-specific grounding that is essential...
Does Language Shift Break Medical Vision-Language Models? Indonesian Radiology Visual Question Answering Case Study
arXiv:2606.03693v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are typically evaluated on English radiology visual question answering benchmarks, leaving their robustness under non-English clinical language largely unexplored. We introduce IndoRad-VQA, an Indonesian adaptation of VQA-RAD, to assess whether medical VLMs retain radiology reasoning ability when questions are asked in Bahasa Indonesia. Radiology question-answer pairs are translated into Indonesian with...
Sycophancy as a Multilingual Alignment Failure: How Safety Degrades Across Languages, Topics, and Models
arXiv:2606.08451v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety-aligned large language models often exhibit sycophancy, which is the tendency to affirm users' opinions regardless of factual accuracy. Although well-studied in English, its manifestation in other languages remains largely unexamined, leaving billions of non-English speakers potentially vulnerable to model-validated misinformation. We present the first large-scale, multi-model evaluation of cross-lingual sycophancy, benchmarking...
Multilinguality of Large Language Models From a Structural Perspective
arXiv:2606.01800v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have excelled in processing multiple languages through pre- and post-training on multilingual data, even though English dominates the training data. Prior work focusing on token representations has revealed how those LLMs process non-English text. Although these analyses have provided insightful findings, they fail to capture a structural view, which is an inherent property of language.
Language-Aware Token Boosting: LLM Language Confusion Reduction Without Tuning
Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) sometimes exhibit language confusion when generating non-English text. Existing approaches typically rely on fine-tuning to mitigate this issue. In contrast, we propose a tuning-free paradigm for reducing language confusion.
Speculative Decoding Across Languages
arXiv:2605.30580v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speculative decoding has become a crucial component of large language model (LLM) inference, enabling faster generation by drafting multiple tokens and verifying them in parallel. However, small draft models tend to suffer from disproportionately poor multilingual capabilities. Thus, when generating text in a non-English language, speculative decoding is far less effective.
Cross-Lingual Token Arbitrage: Optimizing Code Agent Context Windows via Local LLM Preprocessing
Announce Type: new Abstract: AI-assisted coding agents are bottlenecked by input-token cost. Two pathologies of raw human input drive much of this overhead: tokenization inefficiency for non-English text and structural entropy in conversational prompts. Existing approaches act reactively by compressing already-bloated contexts or intervening after failures occur.