post-LUCA WRS
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Tryptophan became part of the universal genetic code post-LUCA
We evaluate whether tryptophan (W), widely thought to be the last of the 20 canonical amino acids added to the genetic code, was already present in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). We reconstruct the evolutionary history of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS), the enzyme that attaches W to its tRNA, and the related tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRS). We identify and exclude sequences derived from ancient recombination between archaeal and bacterial YRSs.