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Facial Expression Recognition in the Deep Learning Era: A Systematic Multi-Criteria Review of Methods, Models, Datasets, Performance, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

new Abstract: Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has advanced rapidly over the last decade, driven by the shift from handcrafted descriptors and shallow classifiers to deep convolutional, attention-based, vision-language, and foundation-model architectures, and by the parallel growth of large-scale in-the-wild benchmarks spanning categorical, dimensional, compound, micro-expression, Action Unit (AU), and intensity-estimation tasks. Yet the deep learning-based FER landscape has so far been...

arXiv CS 1d ago

Principles and Practice of Deep Representation Learning: or a Mathematical Theory of Memory

new Abstract: In the current era of deep learning and especially generative models, there is significant investment in training very large generative models. Thus far, such models have been "black boxes" that are difficult to understand in the sense that they have opaque internal mechanisms, leading to difficulties in interpretability, reliability, and control. Naturally, this lack of understanding has led to both hype and fear.

arXiv CS 2d ago

A spectral audit framework reveals task-dependent aperiodic reliance across EEG and ECG deep learning

arXiv:2606.08583v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning on physiological time series is interpreted through domain-specific features -- oscillatory rhythms in EEG, morphological complexes in ECG -- yet these signals sit atop a broadband aperiodic 1/f-like envelope that covaries with arousal, age, and pathology. We introduce a spectral audit framework combining aperiodic/periodic decomposition, phase-preserving Fourier interventions, sham controls, and simulation validation. Aperiodic...

arXiv CS 1d ago

ErA: Error-Aware Deep Unrolling Network for Single Image Defocus Deblurring

Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Image and Video Processing [Submitted on 4 Jun 2026] Title:ErA: Error-Aware Deep Unrolling Network for Single Image Defocus Deblurring View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:We introduce ErA (Error-Aware Deep Unrolling Network), an end-to-end frame work for single-image defocus deblurring.

arXiv CS 2d ago

Graph Machine Learning in the Era of Large Language Models (LLMs)

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Graphs play an important role in representing complex relationships in various domains like social networks, knowledge graphs, and molecular discovery. With the advent of deep learning, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a cornerstone in Graph Machine Learning (Graph ML), facilitating the representation and processing of graphs. Recently, LLMs have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in language tasks and are widely adopted in a variety of...

arXiv CS 9d ago

Projection and Quantisation: A Unifying View of Learning to Hash, from Random Projections to the RAG Era

arXiv:2510.04127v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search underpins large-scale retrieval, increasingly within the retrieval-augmented generation pipelines that ground large language models, yet the methods that address it have multiplied across communities until they are seldom read as a single field. We argue they form one field with three design choices, and develop the projection-quantisation-organisation (PQO) lens, under which locality-sensitive...

arXiv CS 1d ago

Probabilistic Data-Driven Modelling of Astrophysical Transients: The Neural Process Family for Ultrafast and Class-Agnostic Light Curve Reconstruction with NightLANP

Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Astrophysical observations from Earth are subject to weather, environmental, and scientific constraints that lead to sparse, irregular light curves. On the eve of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time, its dataset offers unprecedented opportunities for transient science. Yet a key challenge remains its cadence, sparse and irregular across six bands, limiting inference.

arXiv CS 8d ago

How Turkey Hacked the Hair Transplant Industry

The astounding growth of the hair-transplant industry in Turkey is not just a medical tourism success story; it’s also a tale of “hacked” medical equipment and algorithmic craftsmanship. From a biological and evolutionary perspective, human hair is often viewed as an unremarkable mass of keratin that still plays some important functions—protecting our scalps from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays and regulating our body temperatures—but, for the most part, is no longer essential to our...

Wired 10d ago

Electricity price forecasting across Norway's five bidding zones in the post-crisis era

Announce Type: replace Abstract: Norway's electricity market is heavily dominated by hydropower, but the 2021-2022 energy crisis and stronger integration with Continental Europe have fundamentally altered price formation, reducing the reliability of forecasting models calibrated on historical data. Despite the critical need for updated models, a unified benchmark evaluating feature contributions across all structurally diverse Norwegian bidding zones remains lacking. Here we present a...

arXiv CS 5d ago

When are supercapacitors practically feasible in electric vehicles?

arXiv:2606.03732v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can theoretically mitigate battery degradation in electric vehicles, its practical implementation remains highly limited. To delineate the specific scenarios and application boundaries where supercapacitors remain feasible, this study proposes a multi-dimensional techno-economic feasibility evaluation framework. First, a cross-vehicle sizing method based on dynamic programming is established to...

arXiv CS 7d ago